Nokea
Cristina, a mother of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that her child is a very poor eater. What’s the nurse’s best recommendation for helping the mother increase her child’s nutritional intake?
- A. Allow the child to feed herself
- B. Use specially designed dishes for children – for example, a plate with the child’s favorite cartoon character
- C. Only serve the child’s favorite foods
- D. Allow the child to eat at a small table and chair by herself
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the child to feed herself promotes independence and may increase interest in eating.
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The following statements regarding retinoblastoma are correct:
- A. It is usually fatal even if diagnosis is made early
- B. The tumour is heritable
- C. They may occur bilaterally
- D. The finding of leucorrhoea suggests the diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Retinoblastoma is heritable and can occur bilaterally. Early diagnosis improves prognosis, and leucorrhoea is not associated with retinoblastoma.
All patients with clinical evidence of a PDA are at increased risk for endocarditis. As a result, patients with PDA should be considered for irreversible closure EXCEPT
- A. small, hemodynamically insignificant PDA
- B. small, hemodynamically significant PDA
- C. moderate PDA
- D. large PDA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small, hemodynamically insignificant PDAs may not require closure.
Hemodynamic definition of 'Isolated post-capillary Pulmonary Hypertension' is
- A. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure > 15 mm Hg
- B. Right ventricular systolic pressure > 36 mm Hg
- C. Diastolic pressure gradient < 7 mm Hg
- D. Pulmonary vascular resistance > 3 Wood units
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension is defined by a pulmonary artery wedge pressure greater than 15 mm Hg.
True statements about the use of the new Child Health Foundation growth charts include:
- A. Immediate referral is advised if the height of a child is on the second centile
- B. The midparental height of a child, whose parents are 176 and 160 cm tall, is 175 cm
- C. They can be used for all children including those with Down's syndrome
- D. The target centile range for a girl is midparental height ± 10 cm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The growth charts are designed to be inclusive and can be used for children with Down's syndrome, among others.
Contributing features to renal osteodystrophy include:
- A. Hypophosphataemia
- B. Hyperparathyroidism
- C. Increased loss of calcium in the kidney
- D. Hypoalbuminaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is a key contributor to renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.