Nokea
Critical thinking and decision-making skills are essential parts of nursing in all venues. What are examples of the use of critical thinking in the venue of genetics-related nursing?
- A. Notifying individuals and family members of the results of genetic testing
- B. Providing a written report on genetic testing to an insurance company
- C. Assessing and analyzing family history data for genetic risk factors
- D. Identifying individuals and families in need of referral for genetic testing
- E. Ensuring privacy and confidentiality of genetic information
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Nurses use critical thinking and decision-making skills in providing genetics-related nursing care when they assess and analyze family history data for genetic risk factors, identify those individuals and families in need of referral for genetic testing or counseling, and ensure the privacy and confidentiality of genetic information. Nurses who work in the venue of genetics-related nursing do not notify family members of the results of an individuals genetic testing, and they do not provide written reports to insurance companies concerning the results of genetic testing.
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A care conference has been organized for a patient with complex medical and psychosocial needs. When applying the principles of critical thinking to this patients care planning, the nurse should most exemplify what characteristic?
- A. Willingness to observe behaviors
- B. A desire to utilize the nursing scope of practice fully
- C. An ability to base decisions on what has happened in the past
- D. Openness to various viewpoints
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Willingness and openness to various viewpoints are inherent in critical thinking; these allow the nurse to reflect on the current situation. An emphasis on the past, willingness to observe behaviors, and a desire to utilize the nursing scope of practice fully are not central characteristics of critical thinkers.
In the process of planning a patients care, the nurse has identified a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Health Maintenance related to alcohol use. What must precede the determination of this nursing diagnosis?
- A. Establishment of a plan to address the underlying problem
- B. Assigning a positive value to each consequence of the diagnosis
- C. Collecting and analyzing data that corroborates the diagnosis
- D. Evaluating the patients chances of recovery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the diagnostic phase of the nursing process, the patients nursing problems are defined through analysis of patient data. Establishing a plan comes after collecting and analyzing data; evaluating a plan is the last step of the nursing process and assigning a positive value to each consequence is not done.
A nurse has been using the nursing process as a framework for planning and providing patient care. What action would the nurse do during the evaluation phase of the nursing process?
- A. Have a patient provide input on the quality of care received.
- B. Remove a patients surgical staples on the scheduled postoperative day.
- C. Provide information on a follow-up appointment for a postoperative patient.
- D. Document a patients improved air entry with incentive spirometric use.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, the nurse determines the patients response to nursing interventions. An example of this is when the nurse documents whether the patients spirometry use has improved his or her condition. A patient does not do the evaluation. Removing staples and providing information on follow-up appointments are interventions, not evaluations.
Achieving adequate pain management for a postoperative patient will require sophisticated critical thinking skills by the nurse. What are the potential benefits of critical thinking in nursing?
- A. Enhancing the nurses clinical decision making
- B. Identifying the patients individual preferences
- C. Planning the best nursing actions to assist the patient
- D. Increasing the accuracy of the nurses judgments
- E. Helping identify the patients priority needs
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Independent judgments and decisions evolve from a sound knowledge base and the ability to synthesize information within the context in which it is presented. Critical thinking enhances clinical decision making, helping to identify patient needs and the best nursing actions that will assist patients in meeting those needs. Critical thinking does not normally focus on identify patient desires; these would be identified by asking the patient.
The physician has recommended an amniocentesis for an 18-year-old primiparous woman. The patient is 34 weeks gestation and does not want this procedure. The physician is insistent the patient have the procedure. The physician arranges for the amniocentesis to be performed. The nurse should recognize that the physician is in violation of what ethical principle?
- A. Veracity
- B. Beneficence
- C. Nonmaleficence
- D. Autonomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The principle of autonomy specifies that individuals have the ability to make a choice free from external constraints. The physicians actions in this case violate this principle. This action may or may not violate the principle of beneficence. Veracity centers on truth-telling and nonmaleficence is avoiding the infliction of harm.