Nokea
Cryptorchidism is a condition where _________.
- A. One or both testes are not developed
- B. One or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum
- C. One or both testes are not formed
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cryptorchidism is a condition where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. This means that the testes do not properly move from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about development but descent. Choice C is incorrect as it implies that the testes were never formed, which is not the case in cryptorchidism. Choice D is incorrect as cryptorchidism does involve the testes but rather their descent into the scrotum.
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At 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:
- A. Prickling, tingling sensation.
- B. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
- C. Darkening of the nipple.
- D. Breast start producing milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes typically include the onset of colostrum production, not just tenderness. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands during pregnancy. While some women may experience prickling or tingling sensations, prominent and mobile nipples, and darkening of the nipple, the key change during this time period is the production of colostrum. This substance is rich in antibodies and important for the newborn's initial nutrition. Therefore, the correct answer is not listed among the choices provided.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) affects the fallopian tubes resulting in a condition called:
- A. Oophoritis
- B. Endometritis
- C. Salpingectomy
- D. Salpingitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is known to affect the fallopian tubes, leading to inflammation, which is termed as salpingitis. Choice A, Oophoritis, refers to inflammation of the ovaries, not the fallopian tubes. Choice B, Endometritis, is inflammation of the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, not the fallopian tubes. Choice C, Salpingectomy, is a surgical procedure to remove a fallopian tube and is not a condition caused by PID.
Complete abortion is characterized by:
- A. Os closed.
- B. Firm contracted uterus.
- C. Heavy bleeding.
- D. Heavy cramping.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complete abortion is characterized by a firm contracted uterus with a closed os. This closure of the os indicates that the products of conception have been completely expelled from the uterus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a firm contracted uterus with a closed os is the hallmark sign of a complete abortion, not heavy bleeding, heavy cramping, or any other features.
What type of tissue lines the testes?
- A. Glandular tissue.
- B. Squamous epithelium.
- C. Transitional epithelium.
- D. Stratified epithelium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glandular tissue. The testes are lined with seminiferous tubules, which contain germ cells and Sertoli cells that are involved in sperm production. These cells are part of the glandular tissue that makes up the testes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because squamous, transitional, and stratified epithelium are not typically found lining the testes. Squamous epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue found in areas like the skin, transitional epithelium lines organs like the bladder, and stratified epithelium is present in structures like the skin and esophagus.
During the menstrual cycle, which hormone maintains the corpus luteum?
- A. Luteinizing hormone
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Progesterone
- D. Relaxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone maintains the corpus luteum. The correct answer is A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Choice B, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is involved in stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. Choice D, Relaxin, is involved in processes such as softening the cervix and ligaments during pregnancy, but it is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.