Pediatrics Baby Fell off Bed Questions

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Cystic fibrosis most often affects multiple systems of the body. The primary factor responsible for possible multiple clinical manifestations is which of the following?

  • A. Hyperactivity of sweat glands
  • B. Hypoactivity of parasympathetic nervous system
  • C. Sweat chloride test >60 mEq/L
  • D. Increased viscosity resulting in mucous gland secretions
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This increased viscosity affects various organs and systems in the body, causing multiple clinical manifestations. The abnormal secretions block the airways in the lungs, leading to recurrent lung infections, breathing difficulties, and ultimately respiratory failure. In the digestive system, the thick mucus blocks the pancreatic ducts, impairing the release of digestive enzymes, which can result in malabsorption and malnutrition. Additionally, the thick secretions can affect the liver, leading to complications like liver disease. Therefore, the primary factor responsible for the multiple clinical manifestations in cystic fibrosis is the increased viscosity of the mucous gland secretions, which impacts various systems in the body.

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Mr. Dela Isla said he cannot comprehend what the nurse was saying. He suffers from:

  • A. Insomnia
  • B. Agnosia
  • C. Aphraxia
  • D. Aphasia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Aphasia is a communication disorder that affects a person's ability to understand and/or produce language. In this case, Mr. Dela Isla's inability to comprehend what the nurse was saying suggests a possible impairment in his language comprehension abilities, pointing towards aphasia as the most likely condition. Symptoms of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but the common feature is difficulty with language tasks such as speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing. Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, agnosia is a sensory perception disorder, and apraxia involves difficulty with performing purposeful movements.

Which of the following is usually the first symptom of a cataract that the nurse would expect a patient to report during assessment?

  • A. Dry eyes
  • B. Blurring of vision
  • C. Eye pain
  • D. Loss of peripheral vision
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Blurring of vision is typically the first symptom of a cataract that the nurse would expect a patient to report during assessment. As a cataract develops, it causes clouding of the eye's lens, leading to a decrease in the clarity of vision. This blurriness can progress over time, impacting the patient's ability to see clearly. Other symptoms such as glare sensitivity, poor night vision, double vision, and color fading may also be present as the cataract progresses. Dry eyes, eye pain, and loss of peripheral vision are not typically the initial symptoms associated with cataracts.

which of the following blood tests results is the most indicative of an improvement in rheumatic fever child?

  • A. WBCS 11,000
  • B. decrease ESR
  • C. elevated ASOT
  • D. hemoglobin 10 gm/dl.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is a non-specific marker for inflammation and can be elevated in conditions like rheumatic fever. A decrease in ESR suggests a reduction in the inflammatory response in the body, indicating an improvement in the condition. While the other parameters (WBC count, ASOT, and hemoglobin level) may be affected in rheumatic fever, a decrease in ESR is a more direct indicator of improvement in the inflammatory process associated with the disease.

Which is the causative agent of scarlet fever?

  • A. Enteroviruses
  • B. Corynebacterium organisms
  • C. Scarlet fever virus
  • D. Group A b-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scarlet fever is caused by Group Aß-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), particularly Streptococcus pyogenes. This bacteria produces erythrogenic exotoxins that cause the characteristic rash seen in scarlet fever. These toxins also contribute to the other symptoms associated with scarlet fever, such as high fever, sore throat, and a red, bumpy tongue (strawberry tongue). Therefore, the correct causative agent of scarlet fever is Group Aß-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS).

A 16-year-old mother complaining she feels unhappy living with her husband and his family. The most appropriate action is

  • A. refer her to an obstetrician
  • B. explain the way of milk expression
  • C. apply Edinburgh postnatal depression scale
  • D. advise her on milk engorgement
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a screening tool for postnatal depression which might address her unhappiness.

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