Nokea
Death of bone tissue can occur when the blood supply to the bone is disrupted. What is this complication called?
- A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- B. Avascular necrosis
- C. Delayed union
- D. Complex regional pain syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis is the condition where bone tissue dies due to the disruption of blood supply to the bone. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Choice A) is a chronic pain condition, delayed union (Choice C) refers to a delayed healing of a fracture, and complex regional pain syndrome (Choice D) is a chronic pain condition typically affecting an arm or leg.
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What is the best intervention to reduce the risk of falling in the hospital room for a blind client being cared for?
- A. Tell the client's family that they will be expected to stay overnight
- B. Apply restraints to the client
- C. Shout to the client
- D. Orient the client to the location of objects in the room
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best intervention to reduce the risk of falling in the hospital room for a blind client is to orient the client to the location of objects in the room. This helps the client navigate safely and independently. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because telling the client's family to stay overnight, applying restraints, and shouting are not appropriate interventions for preventing falls in a blind client; in fact, they could potentially lead to increased anxiety and risk of falls.
What is one of the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome?
- A. Paresthesia
- B. Severe pain in the affected limb unrelieved by medication
- C. Edema
- D. Hypoxemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoxemia is one of the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome. In fat embolism syndrome, fat globules enter the bloodstream and can obstruct blood flow in the lungs, leading to hypoxemia. Paresthesia, severe pain unrelieved by medication, and edema are not typically among the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome.
Which test is used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis?
- A. Phalen's maneuver
- B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
- C. Proprioception
- D. Blood culture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, which is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density. Phalen's maneuver (choice A) is a test used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome and is not related to osteoporosis. Proprioception (choice C) refers to the sense of body position and is not a diagnostic test for osteoporosis. Blood culture (choice D) is used to detect infections caused by bacteria in the bloodstream and is not relevant to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
What intervention by the nurse would be the best to prevent deep vein thrombosis after a fracture of the hip?
- A. Encouraging bedrest
- B. Applying antiembolism stockings
- C. Tell the client to take anticoagulants
- D. Teaching about smoking cessation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after a fracture of the hip is to apply antiembolism stockings. These stockings help promote circulation and prevent blood clots from forming in the legs due to immobility. Encouraging bedrest is not recommended as it can increase the risk of DVT. While anticoagulants are used in some cases, the primary prevention method is mechanical prophylaxis like antiembolism stockings. Teaching about smoking cessation is important for overall health but is not directly related to preventing DVT in this scenario.
What occurs during stage three of bone healing?
- A. Consolidation
- B. Callus formation
- C. Granulation formation
- D. Hematoma formation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During stage three of bone healing, callus formation occurs. This process involves the formation of a soft callus made of collagen and cartilage, which bridges the gap between bone fragments. Choice A, consolidation, typically happens in later stages and involves the hardening of the callus into mature bone. Choices C and D are incorrect as granulation formation and hematoma formation occur in earlier stages of bone healing, specifically stages one and two, respectively.