Nokea
Decreased DLCO is seen with:
- A. Increased CO in circulation
- B. Anaemia
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis: Decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a hallmark of pulmonary fibrosis, where lung tissue becomes scarred, reducing its ability to transfer gases.
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The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a sports physical on an adolescent whose history reveals mild aortic stenosis (AS). What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Avoidance of all sports to prevent sudden death
- B. Clearance for any sports since this is mild
- C. Evaluation by a cardiologist prior to participation
- D. Low-intensity sports
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with mild AS may participate in any sport but must have annual cardiac evaluations.
An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). What does the nurse understand regarding why dyspnea occurs?
- A. Blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.
- B. Blood is shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia.
- C. Blood is shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia.
- D. Blood is circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the left side of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When PDA is present, oxygenated blood recycles through the lungs, overburdening the pulmonary circulation.
The following diseases have diagnostic EEG findings:
- A. Petit mal epilepsy
- B. Infantile spasms
- C. Acute measles encephalopathy
- D. Herpes encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, have a characteristic EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia, which is diagnostic.
Pregnancy is contraindicated in mothers with
- A. pulmonary hypertension
- B. ventricular septal defects
- C. prosthetic valves
- D. atrial septal defects
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy is contraindicated in severe pulmonary hypertension and unoperated cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Regarding ECG in infancy
- A. T Wave inversion present
- B. PR interval is < 0.16 s
- C. P wave is < 3mm tall
- D. QRS represent ventricular depolarization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In infants, the PR interval is shorter than in adults (< 0.16 seconds).