Nokea
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) nasal spray has been found to be useful in the management of enuresis in children. In which of the following situations is the drug especially beneficial?
- A. Daytime incontinence
- B. Hypertensive children with enuresis
- C. Secondary enuresis
- D. Sleepovers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DDAVP is especially beneficial for primary nocturnal enuresis, and may be used during situations like sleepovers.
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A pregnant patient presents for a routine 16-week prenatal visit. Her BP has decreased from 119/78 mmHg at her 12-week visit to 110/69 mmHg. What hemodynamic factor accounts for the decrease in BP?
- A. Decrease preload
- B. Decrease in stroke volume
- C. Decrease cardiac output
- D. Decrease in systemic vascular resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pregnancy typically leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which results in a lower blood pressure.
A characteristic lesion observed in a male with primary syphilis is a:
- A. Group of small scattered vesicles
- B. Chancre
- C. Papule of many shapes
- D. Non-tender penile indurated nodule
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A chancre is the hallmark of primary syphilis, typically appearing as a painless, solitary lesion.
A 70-year-old man walks 20 minutes most days of the week. He has begun to complain of pain in his left calf when he is walking. The problem has gotten gradually worse and now he is unable to complete his 20-minute walks without stopping to rest. What choice best describes the pain associated with peripheral artery disease?
- A. A sharp, stabbing pain
- B. A dull pain and cramp
- C. An electric shock
- D. A pulsating pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Claudication pain due to peripheral artery disease is typically dull and cramp-like during exercise.
Risk factors associated with breast cancer include all of the following except:
- A. Personal family history of breast cancer
- B. Use of hormone replacement therapy
- C. Post-menopausal obesity
- D. Low socioeconomic status
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Low socioeconomic status is not a direct risk factor for breast cancer.
Which of the following is NOT a safety issue commonly faced by older adults?
- A. Falls
- B. Medication safety
- C. Cognitive impairment
- D. Increased physical activity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Older adults face safety issues related to falls, medication safety, and cognitive impairment, but increased physical activity is generally a benefit.