Nokea
Diabetes in pregnancy predisposes a mother to developing vulvo-vaginitis due to
- A. High acidity levels which favor growth of Escherichia coli
- B. Low acidity levels which favor growth of Candida albicans
- C. Existing chronic hypertension
- D. Lowered osmotic pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes in pregnancy alters vaginal pH, promoting Candida albicans growth.
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Postmaturity is pregnancy equal to or more than
- A. 38 completed weeks
- B. 42 completed weeks
- C. 40 completed weeks
- D. 36 completed weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postmaturity refers to pregnancies that last beyond 42 weeks.
Which one of the following positions is SAFEST for a woman in labor with a cord prolapse?
- A. Lithotomy
- B. Trendelenburg
- C. Fowler’s
- D. Prone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Trendelenburg position helps reduce pressure on the umbilical cord during prolapse.
He has had 1 L of NSS infused by emergency medical services. His vital signs reveal a pulse of 128 bpm and a blood pressure of 8860 mm Hg. With respect to his hypotension, the AGACNP recognizes that
- A. Vasopressors are contraindicated in traumatic head injury
- B. Hypotension doubles the risk of mortality from traumatic head injury
- C. His blood pressure is likely a physiologic response to traumatic head injury
- D. Stabilizing the head injury is more important that identifying the cause of hypotension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the patient's low blood pressure is likely a physiologic response to traumatic head injury. Hypotension can occur as a compensatory mechanism in traumatic brain injury to maintain cerebral perfusion. The body may reduce blood pressure to decrease the risk of further brain injury or bleeding. It is important for the AGACNP to recognize that in traumatic brain injury, hypotension may not necessarily require immediate intervention with vasopressors, as it may be a protective response. Monitoring and managing the patient's condition closely, including neurologic status and trends in blood pressure, is crucial in this situation.
The most common complication of respiratory distress syndrome is
- A. Cerebral palsy
- B. Pneumothorax
- C. Klumpke’s palsy
- D. Fractured ribs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumothorax is a common complication of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates.
T. G. is a 48-year-old female who presents with biliary colic. She has had previous episodes but has resisted operation because she is afraid of anesthesia. Today her physical exam reveals a clearly distressed middle-aged female with right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following findings suggests a complication that requires a surgical evaluation?
- A. A temperature of 101.5°F
- B. A leukocyte count of 18,000/µL
- C. A palpable gallbladder
- D. A positive Murphy’s sign
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A leukocyte count of 18,000/µL suggests an elevated white blood cell count, which is indicative of an inflammatory or infectious process. In the context of biliary colic, an elevated white blood cell count could be a sign of complications such as cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) or choledocholithiasis (bile duct obstruction). These complications may require urgent surgical evaluation and intervention. The other options, although concerning, do not specifically suggest a complication that necessitates immediate surgical evaluation.