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diagnosis of congenital heart disease usually through
- A. cardiac catheterization.
- B. chest x-ray and ECG.
- C. echocardiogram.
- D. all of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The diagnosis of congenital heart disease is most commonly done through an echocardiogram, which is a non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. This imaging technique allows healthcare providers to visualize any abnormalities in the heart's structure and how it is functioning. While cardiac catheterization and chest x-ray with ECG can also provide valuable information, an echocardiogram is the primary diagnostic tool for identifying congenital heart defects due to its accuracy, safety, and non-invasiveness.
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The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a useful surface marker in some malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs); it is secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts. In which of the following GCTs this surface marker is characteristically elevated?
- A. teratoma
- B. germinoma
- C. endodermal sinus tumor
- D. embryonal carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Embryonal carcinoma is strongly associated with elevated beta-HCG levels.
A 16-year-old mother complaining she feels unhappy living with her husband and his family. The most appropriate action is
- A. refer her to an obstetrician
- B. explain the way of milk expression
- C. apply Edinburgh postnatal depression scale
- D. advise her on milk engorgement
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a screening tool for postnatal depression which might address her unhappiness.
The nurse should implement which prescribed treatment for a child with warts?
- A. Vaccination
- B. Local destruction
- C. Corticosteroids
- D. Specific antibiotic therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warts are caused by viral infections, mainly the human papillomavirus (HPV). Local destruction methods, such as cryotherapy (freezing), laser therapy, or chemical treatment, are the preferred treatments for warts in children. These methods physically destroy the wart tissue, helping to eliminate the virus and promote healing. Vaccination, corticosteroids, and specific antibiotic therapy are not typically prescribed treatments for warts.
A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. What weight should the nurse expect him to be now?
- A. 16 lb 4 oz
- B. 20 lb 5 oz
- C. 24 lb 6 oz
- D. 32 lb 8 oz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants typically triple their birth weight by 12 months. For an 8-lb infant, that would be approximately 24 lb.
A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. Once the airway is established, the nurse should do which action? Place in correct sequence. Provide the answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c).
- A. Administer epinephrine.
- B. Keep the child warm and calm.
- C. Obtain vascular access.
- D. sing to the child
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering epinephrine is the first priority in a child experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. Epinephrine is a life-saving medication that helps reverse the severe allergic response and stabilizes the child's condition.