Nokea
Digoxin (Lanoxin) and furosemide (Lasix) are ordered for a client who has congestive heart failure. Which of the following would the nurse also expect to be ordered for this client?
- A. Potassium
- B. Calcium
- C. Aspirin
- D. Coumadin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide, a diuretic, can cause potassium loss, leading to hypokalemia, which increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Potassium supplements are often ordered to maintain normal levels.
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What is the best explanation for the drug therapy in this situation?
- A. Aspirin tends to relieve chest pain.
- B. Aspirin tends to prevent blood clots.
- C. Aspirin tends to lower the blood pressure.
- D. Aspirin tendsmedi tends to dilate the coronary arteries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's antiplatelet effect prevents thrombus formation at the PTCA site, reducing the risk of re-occlusion.
Which side effects are most closely associated with the use of nitroglycerin tablets? Select all that apply.
- A. Headache
- B. Backache
- C. Headache
- D. Jaundice
- E. Dizziness
- F. Pallor
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, leading to headache (due to cerebral vasodilation) and dizziness (due to hypotension). Backache, jaundice, and pallor are not typical.
After providing medication instructions, the best evidence that the client knows this drug's potential side effects is when the client states it may cause which adverse effect?
- A. Muscle pain
- B. Palpitations
- C. Visual images
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atorvastatin (Lipitor) can cause muscle pain (myalgia) as a common side effect, potentially progressing to rhabdomyolysis in severe cases.
The nurse provides discharge instructions for a client who has recovered after a cardiac catheterization. Which instructions should be included? Select all that apply.
- A. Take a shower rather than a tub bath until the puncture site heals.
- B. Perform leg exercises every 2 hours while awake.
- C. In the generous amount of fluids for the next 24 hours.
- D. Report worsening of pain in the leg that was catheterized.
- E. Flush the toilet twice after eliminating urine and stool in the next 24 hours.
- F. Change the dressing over the puncture site daily until it heals.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Showering prevents infection, generous fluids help flush contrast dye, and reporting worsening pain detects complications. Leg exercises, double flushing, and daily dressing changes are not standard.
When the client asks the nurse how cholesterol acts as a cardiac risk factor, what is the best explanation?
- A. Excess fat in the blood expands the circulating blood volume.
- B. Excess fat in the blood thickens the lining of the arteries.
- C. Excess fat in the blood causes slower blood clotting.
- D. Excess fat in the blood stimulates the heart to beat faster.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High cholesterol contributes to atherosclerosis, where excess fat (lipids) deposits thicken and harden the arterial walls, narrowing the lumen and increasing cardiac risk.