Nokea
Dipstick testing of an older adult patient's urine indicates the presence of protein in urine protein. Presence indicates which of the following statements is true?
- A. This finding needs to be considered in light of other forms of proteinuria testing.
- B. A finding is a risk factor for incontinence incontinence.
- C. This is is likely the result likely an aging-related change.
- D. This result confirms that it confirms diabetes diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The test, which detects 30 to1000,000 / \mathrm{dL}$ of protein, should only used as a screening test, as screening affects urine concentration, affects pH concentration, hematuria, and radiocontast affect materials results results. Protein is not a diagnostic of diabetes, it is not age-related, nor is a risk factor for urinary incontinence.
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A nurse is preparing a patient diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) for a lower urinary tract cystoscopic examination. The nurse informs the patient that the most common temporary complication experienced after this procedure is what?
- A. Urinary retention
- B. Bladder perforation
- C. Hemorrhage
- D. Nausea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After a cystoscopic examination, the patient with obstructive pathology may experience urine retention if the instruments used during the examination caused edema. The nurse will carefully monitor the patient with prostatic hyperplasia for urine retention. Post-procedure, the patient will experience some hematuria, but is not at great risk for hemorrhage. Unless the condition is associated with another disorder, nausea is not commonly associated with this diagnostic study. Bladder perforation is rare.
The nurse is assessing a patients bladder by percussion. The nurse elicits dullness after the patient has voided. How should the nurse interpret this assessment finding?
- A. The patients bladder is not completely empty.
- B. The patient has kidney enlargement.
- C. The patient has a ureteral obstruction.
- D. The patient has a fluid volume deficit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dullness to percussion of the bladder following voiding indicates incomplete bladder emptying. Enlargement of the kidneys can be attributed to numerous conditions such as polycystic kidney disease or hydronephrosis and is not related to bladder fullness. Dehydration and ureteral obstruction are not related to bladder fullness; in fact, these conditions result in decreased flow of urine to the bladder.
A patient asks the nurse why kidney problems can cause gastrointestinal disturbances. What relationship should the nurse describe?
- A. The right kidneys proximity to the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
- B. The indirect impact of digestive enzymes on renal function
- C. That the peritoneum encapsulates the GI system and the kidneys
- D. The left kidneys connection to the common bile duct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The proximity of the right kidney to the colon, duodenum, head of the pancreas, common bile duct, liver, and gallbladder may cause GI disturbances. The proximity of the left kidney to the colon (splenic flexure), stomach, pancreas, and spleen may also result in intestinal symptoms. Digestive enzymes do not affect renal function and the left kidney is not connected to the common bile duct.
A patient admitted to the medical unit with impaired renal function is complaining of severe, stabbing pain in the flank and lower abdomen. The patient is being assessed for renal calculi. The nurse recognizes that the stone is most likely in what anatomic location?
- A. Meatus
- B. Bladder
- C. Ureter
- D. Urethra
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ureteral pain is characterized as a dull continuous pain that may be intense with voiding. The pain may be described as sharp or stabbing if the bladder is full. This type of pain is inconsistent with a stone being present in the bladder. Stones are not normally situated in the urethra or meatus.
A nurse is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of fluid volume deficit among older adults. What related health education should the nurse provide to an older adult?
- A. If possible, try to drink at least 4 liters of fluid daily.
- B. Ensure that you avoid replacing water with other beverages.
- C. Remember to drink frequently, even if you dont feel thirsty.
- D. Make sure you eat plenty of salt in order to stimulate thirst.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse emphasizes the need to drink throughout the day even if the patient does not feel thirsty, because the thirst stimulation is decreased. Four liters of daily fluid intake is excessive and fluids other than water are acceptable in most cases. Additional salt intake is not recommended as a prompt for increased fluid intake.