Nokea
Discuss six (6) modalities of treatment used in mental illness
- A. Medication
- B. Psychotherapy
- C. ECT
- D. Lifestyle changes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Treatments range from pharmacotherapy and counseling to electroconvulsive therapy, lifestyle adjustments, peer support, and inpatient care.
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A client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is described by other staff as being perfectionistic, inflexible, and a 'master at procrastination.' The nurse learns that the client is nearly immobilized during times that call for the client to make a decision. The nurse realizes that the most likely hypothesis is this behavior is related to:
- A. A need to make others uncomfortable
- B. Needing to be the center of attention
- C. Wanting someone else to be responsible
- D. Fear of making a mistake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fear of making a mistake. This is the most likely hypothesis because individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder often have an intense fear of making errors or mistakes. This fear can lead to excessive preoccupation with details, perfectionism, and procrastination. The client's immobilization during decision-making moments is likely due to the overwhelming anxiety and fear of making the wrong choice, which is a common trait in individuals with this disorder.
Choice A (A need to make others uncomfortable) is incorrect because there is no indication that the client's behavior is driven by a desire to cause discomfort to others. Choice B (Needing to be the center of attention) is incorrect as individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder typically focus more on their own perfectionism rather than seeking attention. Choice C (Wanting someone else to be responsible) is incorrect as this behavior is more about the individual's fear of making mistakes rather than avoiding responsibility.
A patient has anorexia nervosa. The history shows the patient virtually stopped eating 5 months ago and lost 25% of body weight. The serum potassium is 2.7 mg/dL. Which nursing diagnosis applies?
- A. Adult failure to thrive related to abuse of laxatives, as evidenced by electrolyte imbalances and weight loss
- B. Ineffective health maintenance related to self-induced vomiting, as evidenced by swollen parotid glands and hyperkalemia
- C. Disturbed energy field related to physical exertion in excess of energy produced through caloric intake, as evidenced by weight loss and hyperkalemia
- D. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to refusal to eat, as evidenced by loss of 25% of body weight and hypokalemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to refusal to eat, as evidenced by loss of 25% of body weight and hypokalemia.
Rationale:
1. Anorexia nervosa involves severe restriction of food intake, leading to significant weight loss and malnutrition.
2. The patient's history of virtually stopping eating and losing 25% of body weight aligns with the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition.
3. Hypokalemia (low serum potassium level) is common in patients with anorexia nervosa due to inadequate intake or purging behaviors.
4. The other choices are incorrect because they do not match the patient's specific presentation of anorexia nervosa and hypokalemia.
A patient with fluctuating levels of awareness, confusion, and disorientation shouts, 'The bugs, they are crawling on my legs! Get them off me!' The nurse's inspections show that no bugs are present. The nurse can best assess this presentation as:
- A. Perseveration.
- B. Hypermetamorphosis.
- C. Tactile hallucinations.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tactile hallucinations. Tactile hallucinations involve the perception of physical sensations such as bugs crawling on the skin when no external stimuli are present. In this scenario, the patient's complaint of bugs crawling on their legs despite the nurse's inspection confirming the absence of bugs indicates a sensory hallucination, specifically a tactile one. This is different from perseveration (repetition of a particular response or activity) and hypermetamorphosis (excessive attention to environmental details). Choosing "None of the above" would not address the specific symptom of tactile hallucinations described in the patient's presentation.
A physically frail elderly patient with mild cognitive impairments needs services of a facility that can provide supervision and safety as well as recreation and social interaction. The family cares for this patient during the evening and night. Which type of facility should the nurse suggest to meet this patient's needs?
- A. Adult day care program
- B. Skilled nursing facility
- C. Partial hospitalization
- D. Group home
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adult day care program. This option is suitable as it provides supervision, safety, recreation, and social interaction during the day while allowing the family to care for the patient in the evening and night. Adult day care programs offer a structured environment with trained staff to ensure the patient's safety and provide social engagement.
- Option B, Skilled nursing facility, is not the best choice as it usually provides round-the-clock care, which may not be necessary in this case.
- Option C, Partial hospitalization, is more focused on intensive psychiatric treatment and therapy, which may not align with the patient's needs.
- Option D, Group home, is designed for individuals who need 24-hour care and supervision, which exceeds the patient's current requirements.
In activity 5, all of the following people got sick from the concession stand except
- A. Jose
- B. Lisa
- C. Mia
- D. Ken
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assuming Ken did not get sick (context-specific), he is the exception among those listed.