Nokea
Diseases that primarily involve the motor unit include:
- A. Werdnig-Hoffman disease
- B. Guillain-Barre syndrome
- C. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
- D. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Werdnig-Hoffman disease, also known as spinal muscular atrophy type 1, primarily affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord.
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Cantwell criteria is used to diagnose
- A. Congenital tuberculosis
- B. Congenital syphilis
- C. Congenital rubella
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Cantwell criteria are used to diagnose congenital syphilis, based on clinical and laboratory findings.
Recurrent headaches in childhood are seen with:
- A. Tension headaches
- B. Migraine
- C. Sinusitis
- D. Hypermetropia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because migraine is a common cause of recurrent headaches in children. The other options (a, c, d, e) are less common or present differently.
A father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart.
- B. Squatting decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.
- C. Squatting is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic.
- D. Squatting increases the workload of the heart.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The squatting position allows the child to breathe more easily because systemic venous return is increased.
Nystagmus can be a presenting sign in:
- A. Partial albinism
- B. Retinopathy of prematurity
- C. Acute vestibulitis
- D. Medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medulloblastoma, a type of brain tumor, can present with nystagmus due to its impact on the cerebellum and brainstem.
A nurse is caring for a client with Diabetes Insipidus (DI). Which data warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Serum sodium of 185 mEq/L
- B. Urine output of 3000 mL per hour.
- C. Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg.
- D. Potassium level of 4.5 mEq/L.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A serum sodium level of 185 mEq/L indicates severe hypernatremia, which is life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.