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Disorders related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body are called:
- A. Sleep apnea.
- B. Primary sleep disorders.
- C. Tertiary sleep disorders.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary sleep disorders. These disorders directly affect the sleep-wake cycle or timing mechanisms of the body. Sleep apnea (A) is a specific disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, not a general category. Tertiary sleep disorders (C) are not a recognized classification; the primary and secondary are the main categories. "None of the above" (D) is incorrect as primary sleep disorders are indeed related to abnormal functioning of the sleep-wake cycle.
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A client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease has a catastrophic reaction during an activity involving simultaneous playing of music and working on a craft project. The client starts shouting 'no, no, no' and rushes out of the room. The nurse should:
- A. Isolate the client until she is calm, and then direct her back to the activity
- B. Follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity
- C. Discontinue the activity program since it upsets the clients
- D. Give the client pm antianxiety medication and restrict her activity participation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The nurse should follow the client, reassure her, and redirect her to a quieter activity. This approach acknowledges the client's feelings and provides support to help her calm down. Isolating the client (Choice A) may escalate the situation and not address the underlying cause of the reaction. Discontinuing the activity program (Choice C) is not the best option as it may limit the client's engagement and therapeutic benefits. Giving medication and restricting activity (Choice D) should be a last resort and not the initial response to a behavioral reaction. In summary, Choice B focuses on comforting and redirecting the client, promoting a positive and supportive environment.
When a person's sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis is
- A. paraphilia
- B. sexual dysfunction
- C. gender identity disorder
- D. androgyny
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender identity disorder (now gender dysphoria) describes a mismatch between identity and physical sex.
While the nurse at the personality disorders clinic is interviewing a patient, the patient constantly scans the environment and frequently interrupts to ask what the nurse means by certain words or phrases. The nurse notes that the patient is very sensitive to the nurse's nonverbal behavior. His responses are often argumentative, sarcastic, and hostile. He suggests that he is being hospitalized 'so they can exploit me.' The patient's behaviors are most consistent with the clinical picture of:
- A. paranoid personality disorder.
- B. histrionic personality disorder.
- C. avoidant personality disorder.
- D. narcissistic personality disorder.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: paranoid personality disorder. The patient's behaviors align with the diagnostic criteria for paranoid personality disorder, characterized by suspicion, distrust, sensitivity to criticism, and interpreting benign interactions as threatening. The patient's constant scanning of the environment, interrupting to clarify meanings, being sensitive to nonverbal cues, and displaying argumentative and hostile responses are all indicative of paranoid traits. Additionally, the belief that hospitalization is for exploitation is consistent with paranoid beliefs.
Choices B, C, and D can be ruled out:
B: Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by attention-seeking behavior, emotional instability, and dramatic expression. The patient's behaviors are not suggestive of seeking attention or being overly dramatic.
C: Avoidant personality disorder is marked by social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. The patient's behaviors are more indicative of suspiciousness rather than avoidance.
D: Narcissistic personality disorder involves grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of
When planning inpatient psychotherapeutic activities for a patient who has antisocial personality disorder, the psychiatric-mental health nurse:
- A. focuses on group, rather than individual, therapy
- B. provides a permissive atmosphere, so the patient feels a sense of control
- C. provides an organized, structured environment
- D. recognizes that the disorder is characterized by social withdrawal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A structured environment sets clear boundaries, countering manipulative tendencies common in antisocial personality disorder.
The nurse who works in a sleep clinic knows that approximately ______% of adults suffer from insomnia.
- A. 10 to 20.
- B. 30 to 40.
- C. 50 to 60.
- D. 70 to 80.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (30 to 40%). Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, affecting around 30-40% of adults. This range reflects the prevalence rates reported in various studies. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they provide prevalence rates that are either too low (A) or too high (C, D) compared to the generally accepted range for insomnia in adults. It is essential for the nurse in a sleep clinic to understand the prevalence of insomnia accurately to provide appropriate care and support to patients.