Nokea
Distal renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Is characterised by hypokalaemia
- B. May be primary or secondary
- C. Presents with growth failure in infancy
- D. Urinary pH is usually < 5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) can be either primary (inherited) or secondary (acquired due to other conditions), affecting acid excretion in the distal tubule.
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The nurse is obtaining a client's fingerstick glucose level. After gently milking the client's finger, the nurse observes that the distal tip of the finger appears reddened and engorged. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Collect the blood sample
- B. Assess radial pulse volume
- C. Apply pressure to the site
- D. Select another finger
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The reddened and engorged appearance is due to increased blood flow, and the sample can still be collected.
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Staphylococcus albus
- B. Streptococcus hemolyticus
- C. Staphylococcus albicans
- D. Streptococcus viridans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S. viridans is the most common causative agent in bacterial (infective) endocarditis.
A male client with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome reports to the nurse that the pain and tingling he is experiencing worsens at night. What client teaching should the nurse provide?
- A. Elevate the hands on two pillows at night
- B. Notify the healthcare provider as soon as possible
- C. Wear braces as both wrists during the night
- D. Apply cold compresses for 30 minutes before bedtime
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wearing wrist braces during the night helps prevent exacerbation of carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms.
A client with carcinoma of the lung is complaining of weakness and has a serum sodium level of 117 mEq/L. Which nursing problem should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
- A. Altered urinary elimination
- B. Impaired gas exchange
- C. Fluid volume excess
- D. Decreased cardiac output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia (low sodium level) is often associated with fluid volume excess in clients with lung carcinoma.
The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The child's parent asks the nurse, 'How does Kawasaki disease affect my child's heart and blood vessels?' On what understanding is the nurse's response based?
- A. Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm.
- B. Increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis.
- D. Altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inflammation of vessels weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in aneurysm.