Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test

Psychology 101 Exam 3 Test Related

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Distinguish between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes of abnormal behavior.

  • A. Necessary causes are required for a disorder to develop but do not guarantee it.
  • B. Sufficient causes guarantee a disorder will develop, but they are not required.
  • C. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are neither necessary nor sufficient.
  • D. Contributory causes are conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In understanding abnormal behavior, it is crucial to differentiate between necessary, sufficient, and contributory causes. Necessary causes are those that are required for a disorder to develop, meaning that without them, the disorder would not occur. However, their presence does not guarantee the occurrence of the disorder. Sufficient causes, on the other hand, are those that alone can guarantee the development of a disorder, but they are not the only factors that can lead to it. Contributory causes are factors that increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not essential on their own nor do they guarantee the disorder. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the role of necessary causes in the development of abnormal behavior. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they misrepresent the definitions and roles of sufficient and contributory causes in causing abnormal behavior.

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How do neurotransmitters affect behavior and mental processes?

  • A. Neurotransmitters have little effect on behavior.
  • B. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that influence mood, thought, and behavior.
  • C. Neurotransmitters have a minor role in mental health.
  • D. Neurotransmitters determine intelligence levels.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemicals that influence mood, thought, and behavior, playing a significant role in mental health. Choice A is incorrect as neurotransmitters do have a notable effect on behavior. Choice C is incorrect as neurotransmitters have a major role in mental health. Choice D is incorrect as neurotransmitters do not solely determine intelligence levels.

A predisposition toward developing a disorder is termed a __________ .

  • A. Diathesis
  • B. Risk factor
  • C. Sufficient cause
  • D. Diathesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A predisposition toward developing a disorder is termed a diathesis. In this context, diathesis refers to an individual's susceptibility or predisposition to developing a disorder. A diathesis is not the same as a risk factor or a sufficient cause. A risk factor is a variable that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder but is not a predisposition itself. A sufficient cause is a factor that can produce the disorder on its own, not just a predisposition.

When examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always ________.

  • A. influenced by one particular gene.
  • B. influenced by multiple genes.
  • C. influenced by recessive genes.
  • D. not influenced by genes.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When examining heredity and mental disorders, it is important to note that these conditions are influenced by multiple genes working together. Mental disorders are complex traits that arise from the interplay of various genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, choice B, 'influenced by multiple genes,' is the correct answer. Choice A, 'influenced by one particular gene,' is incorrect because mental disorders typically do not result from the action of a single gene. Choice C, 'influenced by recessive genes,' is incorrect as it oversimplifies the genetic basis of mental disorders. Choice D, 'not influenced by genes,' is also incorrect as genes play a significant role in the development of mental disorders.

What role does culture play in understanding abnormal behavior?

  • A. Culture plays a minimal role in understanding abnormal behavior.
  • B. Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior.
  • C. Culture has little impact on the expression of abnormal behavior.
  • D. Culture only affects the treatment of abnormal behavior, not its understanding.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Culture is essential in shaping our perceptions and definitions of abnormal behavior. Choice A is incorrect because culture actually plays a significant role in understanding abnormal behavior. Choice C is incorrect as culture can have a considerable impact on how abnormal behavior is expressed. Choice D is incorrect because culture influences not only the treatment but also the understanding of abnormal behavior.

Most behavioral disorders are determined primarily by ________.

  • A. genetics
  • B. upbringing
  • C. diet
  • D. environment
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Genetics play a significant role in the development of behavioral disorders. While upbringing, diet, and environment can also influence behavior, genetics are often the primary factor in determining behavioral disorders. Choice B (upbringing) can contribute to behavior but is not the sole determinant of behavioral disorders. Choice C (diet) can impact behavior but is not the primary factor in behavioral disorders. Choice D (environment) can also influence behavior, but genetics typically play a more significant role in determining behavioral disorders.

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