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Disulfiram has been prescribed for a client, and the nurse provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I must be careful taking cold medicines.
- B. I will have to check my aftershave lotion.
- C. I'll be fine as long as I don't drink alcohol.
- D. I need to be careful with ingredients when I cook.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clients who are taking disulfiram must be taught that substances that contain alcohol can trigger an adverse reaction. Sources of hidden alcohol include foods (soups, sauces, and vinegars), medicine (cold medicine), mouthwashes, and skin preparations (alcohol rubs and aftershave lotions).
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A client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is reporting fatigue. The nurse educates the client on ways to conserve energy. Which statement indicates that the teaching was effective?
- A. Bathe before eating breakfast.
- B. Sit for as many activities as possible.
- C. Stand in the shower instead of taking a bath.
- D. Group all tasks to be performed early in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client is taught to conserve energy by sitting for as many activities as possible, including dressing, shaving, preparing food, and ironing. The client should also sit in a shower chair instead of standing while showering. The client needs to prioritize activities such as eating breakfast before bathing, and the client should intersperse each major activity with a period of rest.
The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis (TB). Which statement by the client indicates that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply.
- A. All used dishes should be sterilized.
- B. My close contacts should be tested for TB.
- C. Soiled tissues should be disposed of properly.
- D. House isolation is required for at least 8 months.
- E. The mouth should always be covered when coughing.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, and the nurse must teach the client measures to prevent its spread. Any close contacts with the client must be tested and treated if the results of the screening test are positive. Because it is an airborne disease, the client must properly dispose of used tissues and needs to cover the mouth when coughing. There is no evidence to suggest that sterilizing dishes would break the chain of infection with pulmonary TB. It is not necessary for the client to isolate herself or himself to the house. Once the client is treated and results of three sputum cultures are negative, the client will not spread the infection.
A 10-year-old child has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. What instruction should the nurse provide concerning the monitoring of the child's insulin needs?
- A. The child should be taught to self-monitor insulin needs.
- B. The parents will need to be available to monitor the child's insulin needs.
- C. The child's school teacher will assume responsibility of insulin need monitoring.
- D. Friends and family will need to be involved with monitoring the child's insulin needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most children 9 years old or older can understand the principles of monitoring their own insulin requirements. They are usually responsible enough to determine the appropriate intervention needed to maintain their health. Parents, friends, and family cannot always be available. The school teacher should not be expected to take responsibility for health care interventions.
The nurse has provided instructions to a client who is receiving external radiation therapy. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching regarding self-care related to the radiation therapy?
- A. I need to eat a high-protein diet.
- B. I need to avoid exposure to sunlight.
- C. I need to wash my skin with a mild soap and pat it dry.
- D. I need to apply pressure on the irritated area to prevent bleeding.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client receiving external radiation therapy should avoid pressure on the irritated area and wear loose-fitting clothing. Specific health care provider instructions would be necessary to obtain if an alteration in skin integrity occurred as a result of the radiation therapy. The remaining options are accurate measures regarding radiation therapy.
The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client on a low-sodium diet for the treatment of hypertension. Which statement by the client should indicate to the nurse that there is a need for further teaching?
- A. Frozen foods are usually lowest in sodium.
- B. This diet will help lower my blood pressure.
- C. This diet is not a replacement for my antihypertensive medications.
- D. The reason I need to lower my salt intake is to reduce fluid retention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-sodium diet is used as an adjunct to antihypertensive medications for the treatment of hypertension. Sodium retains fluid, which leads to hypertension as a result of increased fluid volume. Frozen foods use salt as a preservative, which increases their sodium content. Canned foods are extremely high in sodium. Fresh foods are best.