Nokea
Does the hypothalamus control the feeling of hunger and satiety, and are fats the best nutrient in creating the feeling of satiety?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yes, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating hunger and satiety. Fats are indeed known to be highly satiating nutrients, helping to create a feeling of fullness and satisfaction after a meal. Therefore, both statements are true. Choice B is incorrect because fats are indeed effective in promoting satiety.
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How many grams of protein per day are recommended for a person weighing 150 lbs?
- A. 120
- B. 85
- C. 187.5
- D. 54
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. To convert pounds to kilograms, divide the weight in pounds by 2.2. Therefore, a 150 lb person weighs approximately 68 kg (150 / 2.2 = 68). Multiplying 68 kg by 0.8 grams gives us 54 grams of protein per day. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the RDA calculation based on body weight.
Which set of guidelines is intended to assess nutrient adequacy or plan intake of a population group, not individuals?
- A. RDA
- B. EAR
- C. DRA
- D. UL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to assess the nutrient adequacy of population groups, not individuals. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (choice A) is the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97%-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) (choice C) includes the EAR, RDA, Adequate Intake (AI), and UL, making it a broader set of nutrient reference values. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) (choice D) is the highest average daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
What outcome has been shown to be a benefit of breastfeeding that directly impacts the mother?
- A. conserving calcium stores
- B. contracting the uterus
- C. protecting against future hypertension
- D. speeding the resumption of ovulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, contracting the uterus. Breastfeeding helps contract the uterus after childbirth, reducing postpartum bleeding and helping the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size more quickly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because conserving calcium stores, protecting against future hypertension, and speeding the resumption of ovulation are not direct benefits of breastfeeding to the mother.
Which of the following amino acids are considered indispensable?
- A. Lysine
- B. Methionine
- C. Tryptophan
- D. Valine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lysine. Indispensable amino acids are those that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained from the diet. Lysine, methionine, and tryptophan are all examples of indispensable amino acids. However, the question specifically asked for 3 out of the 9 indispensable amino acids, making 'Lysine' the correct choice. Choices B, C, and D are also indispensable amino acids but are not the focus of the question.
Which hormone is produced in fat tissue and helps regulate body fat by suppressing appetite?
- A. glucagon
- B. ghrelin
- C. leptin
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, leptin. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by suppressing hunger, thus aiding in the regulation of body fat. Glucagon (choice A) is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels, ghrelin (choice B) stimulates appetite, and insulin (choice D) regulates blood sugar levels and promotes glucose uptake.