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Dr. Wu observes children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park. This is an example of a(n) __________.
- A. ethnographic study
- B. naturalistic observation
- C. structured observation
- D. clinical interview
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dr. Wu's observation of children's responses to bullying by watching them play in a park is an example of naturalistic observation. Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in a natural setting without any manipulation or intervention. Dr. Wu is simply observing the children's behavior in a real-world setting to gain insights into how they respond to bullying, making it a naturalistic observation.
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An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two __________ and is drawn into one of two __________.
- A. ovaries; testes
- B. fallopian tubes; ovaries
- C. corpus luteum; fallopian tubes
- D. ovaries; fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ovaries and is drawn into one of two fallopian tubes. This is a correct description of the process of ovulation and fertilization in human reproductive anatomy. The ovaries are responsible for producing and releasing eggs, while the fallopian tubes provide a pathway for the egg to travel to the uterus for potential fertilization.
An inadequate diet during pregnancy can __________.
- A. lead to higher birth weight and greater brain weight
- B. reduce the risk of pregnancy-induced maternal diabetes
- C. distort the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas
- D. lead to fewer physical discomforts in the final weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An inadequate diet during pregnancy can lead to the distortion of the structure of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in the developing fetus. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of these organs and essential for the overall well-being of the baby. A balanced diet supports optimal growth and development, while inadequate nutrition can have detrimental effects on the baby's organs and long-term health.
People born during the baby boom between 1946 and 1964 tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times due to __________ influences.
- A. age-graded
- B. history-graded
- C. nonnormative
- D. bio-historical
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: People born during the baby boom between 1946 and 1964 tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times due to history-graded influences. These influences refer to the events and conditions that are common to a particular historical era and can significantly shape the development and experiences of individuals who live through them. The post-World War II era, economic prosperity, and social changes during the baby boom period are examples of historical events that have had a lasting impact on this generation.
Developmental social neuroscience __________.
- A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
- B. emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
- C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
- D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.
Bernadette, a participant in a longitudinal study, became quite familiar with the test over time and, as a result, her performance improved. This limitation of longitudinal research is known as __________.
- A. biased sampling
- B. practice effects
- C. random assignment
- D. cohort effects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Practice effects refer to the phenomenon where participants in a longitudinal study show improvement in test performance over time due to becoming familiar with the tasks or test materials. This can be considered a limitation as it may distort the results by showing an artificial improvement rather than a true developmental change.