Nokea
Drug levels should be monitored in the treatment of
- A. Diabetes
- B. Epilepsy
- C. Status Asthmatics
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic drug monitoring is critical in epilepsy (e.g., phenytoin) due to narrow therapeutic ranges.
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The following drug may be used in the management of acromegaly:
- A. Leuprolide
- B. Octreotide
- C. Cosyntropin
- D. Desmopressin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Octreotide, a somatostatin analog, inhibits growth hormone in acromegaly.
Glucocorticoids enhance:
- A. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 in leukocytes with stimulation of annexin synthesis
- B. Decrease of thrombocyte activating factor via inhibition of 5 lipooxigenase
- C. Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis and decrease of lyso-glycerilphosphorilcholine production
- D. inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis via blocking 12 lypooxigenase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit phospholipase A2, reducing inflammatory mediators by stimulating annexin (lipocortin) synthesis.
What is the most likely mechanism for hip fracture in patients with glucocorticoid longterm treatment?
- A. Increased intestinal calcium absorption
- B. Increased sex hormone synthesis
- C. Inhibition of bone formation
- D. Osteoarthritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit bone formation by suppressing osteoblast activity, increasing osteoporosis and fracture risk.
Which statement is correct regarding glucagon:
- A. Causes hypoglicemia
- B. Haven't affect glucose level in the blood
- C. Has a positive inotroic effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon has a positive inotropic effect on the heart, increasing contractility, in addition to raising blood glucose levels.
Which diuretic is classified as a thiazide?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Spironolactone
- C. Hydrochlorothiazide
- D. Mannitol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, acting on the distal convoluted tubule, unlike furosemide (loop), spironolactone (potassium-sparing), or mannitol (osmotic).