Nokea
Drug preparations may be administered for local or systemic effects. Which is an example of a dose form used for a local effect?
- A. Sublingual tablet
- B. Transdermal patch
- C. Ophthalmic ointment
- D. Subcutaneous injection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ophthalmic ointment (C) treats the eye locally, per the text, making it correct. A, B, and D target systemic effects, ruling them out.
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A drug may be classified by which of the following?
- A. The chemical type of the drug's active ingredient
- B. The way the drug is used to treat a specific condition
- C. The generic name of the drug
- D. The trade name of the drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The chemical type of the active ingredient (A) is a classification method, as is its therapeutic use (B), per the text. Generic (C) and trade (D) names are identifiers, not classifications. The text specifies drugs are grouped by chemical makeup or treatment purpose, making A a precise example of how drugs are systematically categorized.
Which federal regulatory body regulates the trade practices of drug companies and prohibits false advertising of foods, nonprescription drugs, and cosmetics?
- A. FDA
- B. FTC
- C. DEA
- D. OBRA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The FTC (B) oversees trade practices and false advertising for foods, OTC drugs, and cosmetics, per the text, making it correct. FDA (A) approves drugs, DEA (C) controls substances, and OBRA (D) is an act, not a body, ruling them out.
Which term refers to the time required for a drug to begin to have its effect?
- A. First pass
- B. Duration
- C. Onset
- D. Efficacy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Onset (C) is when a drug starts working, per the text, making it correct. A, B, and D refer to other aspects, confirming C.
A patient taking SMZ/TMP asks the nurse what the name means. The nurse replies sulfamethoxazole is combined with trimethoprim in SMZ/TMP to help the drug effectiveness. How does this work?
- A. Sulfamethoxazole acts along with trimethoprim as an anesthetic.
- B. Sulfamethoxazole is highly protein bound and displaces the trimethoprim.
- C. Sulfamethoxazole increases the excretion of trimethoprim, thereby increasing the response in the bladder.
- D. Sulfamethoxazole has a synergistic effect with trimethoprim against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SMZ/TMP (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) is a combination antibiotic where both drugs inhibit sequential steps in bacterial folate synthesis, enhancing efficacy. Choice D is correct because this synergy broadens the antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Choice A is wrong as neither drug is an anesthetic. Choice B is incorrect; protein binding isn't the mechanism of synergy here. Choice C is false because sulfamethoxazole doesn't increase trimethoprim excretion to boost bladder response; they work systemically together, not via excretion mechanics.
Which drug can cause a lupus-like syndrome as a side effect?
- A. Quinidine
- B. Procainamide
- C. Lidocaine
- D. Flecainide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because procainamide frequently causes a reversible lupus-like syndrome, per rheumatology. 'A' (quinidine) causes cinchonism. 'C' (lidocaine) and 'D' (flecainide) lack this. Procainamide's immunogenicity is a chronic concern.