Nokea
Drugs that may require lower doses in the elderly include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Amitriptyline
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because amoxicillin requires lower doses in the elderly due to decreased renal function, reducing clearance and risking toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen doses are standard unless liver issues exist. Choice B is wrong because amitriptyline is avoided, not just lowered. Choice D is incorrect since only amoxicillin typically needs adjustment.
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Off-label prescribing is:
- A. Regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- B. Illegal by NPs in all states (provinces)
- C. Legal if there is scientific evidence for the use
- D. Regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because off-label prescribing—using a drug for an unapproved indication—is legal if supported by scientific evidence and clinical judgment, common in practice. Choice A is incorrect as the FDA doesn't regulate off-label use, just approval. Choice B is wrong because it's not illegal for NPs; it's allowed with justification. Choice D is incorrect since the DEA oversees controlled substances, not off-label prescribing.
Strategies to prevent drug abuse include:
- A. Education about risks
- B. Limiting access to abusable drugs
- C. Screening for risk factors
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because education (awareness), access limits (e.g., PDMPs), and screening (early intervention) all prevent abuse, per public health strategies. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one method. Choice B is wrong by itself because access is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since screening is only one approach.
Off-label prescribing is:
- A. Regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- B. Illegal by NPs in all states (provinces)
- C. Legal if there is scientific evidence for the use
- D. Regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because off-label prescribing—using a drug for an unapproved indication—is legal if supported by scientific evidence and clinical judgment, common in practice. Choice A is incorrect as the FDA doesn't regulate off-label use, just approval. Choice B is wrong because it's not illegal for NPs; it's allowed with justification. Choice D is incorrect since the DEA oversees controlled substances, not off-label prescribing.
Drugs that are safe to use in children include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Codeine
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because acetaminophen is safe and widely used in children for pain and fever, with a favorable safety profile per pediatric guidelines. Choice B is incorrect as aspirin is avoided in children due to Reye's syndrome risk. Choice C is wrong because codeine's variable metabolism (CYP2D6) can cause respiratory depression, leading to restrictions in kids. Choice D is incorrect since only acetaminophen is broadly safe.
Drugs that are controlled substances include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Oxycodone
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because oxycodone is a Schedule II controlled substance due to high abuse potential, per DEA classification. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is not controlled. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen is not a controlled substance. Choice D is incorrect since only oxycodone fits.