Nokea
Drugs that require refrigeration include:
- A. Insulin
- B. Amoxicillin suspension
- C. Vaccines
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because insulin (protein stability), amoxicillin suspension (post-reconstitution), and vaccines (biological potency) require refrigeration to maintain efficacy, per storage guidelines. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because amoxicillin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since vaccines are only one group.
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An NP is caring for a 70-year-old patient who reports having seasonal allergies with severe rhinorrhea. Using the Beers criteria, which of the following medications should the NP recommend for this patient?
- A. Loratadine (Claritin)
- B. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
- C. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- D. Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlorphen 12)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because loratadine is a nonsedating antihistamine, safer for elderly per Beers criteria, unlike the sedating options B, C, and D, which increase fall risk and cognitive impairment in older adults.
The primary care NP sees a 4-year-old child who has received four doses of PCV 7 in the first 15 months of life. The NP should administer:
- A. PCV 7.
- B. PCV 13.
- C. PPV 23.
- D. no PCV.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because children under 5 with PCV 7 series should get one PCV 13 dose. Choice A is incorrect (PCV 7 outdated). Choice C is wrong (PPV 23 not for this age). Choice D is inaccurate (vaccine needed).
Over-the-counter drugs that should be avoided in patients with hypertension include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Pseudoephedrine
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because pseudoephedrine, a decongestant, raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction, risky in hypertension, per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen doesn't affect BP. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen's BP effect is milder and not absolute avoidance. Choice D is incorrect since only pseudoephedrine is key.
Drugs that may increase risk of erectile dysfunction include:
- A. Testosterone
- B. Beta blockers
- C. Alpha blockers
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because beta blockers (e.g., propranolol) can cause erectile dysfunction by reducing blood flow, a known side effect. Choice A is incorrect as testosterone improves erectile function. Choice C is wrong because alpha blockers often treat ED causes. Choice D is incorrect since only beta blockers fit.
Resources for patients with drug abuse issues include:
- A. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
- B. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
- C. Local support groups
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because SAMHSA (helpline), NIDA (research/support), and local groups (e.g., AA) provide comprehensive resources for drug abuse, per national frameworks. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one resource. Choice B is wrong by itself because NIDA is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since groups are only one option.