Nokea
Drugs that treat individuals with schizophrenia interrupt neurotransmitter pathways in the brain, producing an effect throughout the entire nervous system that is:
- A. Calming
- B. Numbing
- C. Satisfying
- D. Stimulating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calming. Drugs used to treat schizophrenia often target neurotransmitter pathways to reduce symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. By regulating neurotransmitters like dopamine, these drugs help calm the individual's brain activity, leading to a reduction in psychotic symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because drugs for schizophrenia are not intended to numb, satisfy, or stimulate the nervous system; rather, they aim to restore balance and alleviate distressing symptoms.
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The mother of a client newly diagnosed with schizophrenia is a nurse. She unhappily tells the nurse on the unit, 'I've tried to be a good mother, but my daughter still developed schizophrenia. When I was in school, we were taught that it was the mother's fault if a child became schizophrenic. I wish I knew what I did wrong.' The response that would help the mother evaluate models explaining schizophrenia would be:
- A. I can see how you would be upset over this turn of events.'
- B. New findings suggest this disorder is biologic in nature.'
- C. Don't be so hard on yourself; your daughter needs you to be strong.'
- D. It's difficult to see that double-bind communication produces stress for the child at the time it's occurring.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Choice B is the correct answer because it provides the mother with new information that schizophrenia is biologic in nature, shifting the blame away from her.
2. This response helps the mother understand that her daughter's condition is not her fault, based on current scientific understanding.
3. By offering this information, the nurse helps the mother reevaluate her beliefs and perceptions about the causes of schizophrenia.
4. Choices A, C, and D do not address the mother's concerns directly or provide her with the necessary information to understand the biological basis of schizophrenia.
Which of the following assessments is most appropriate for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Monitor fluid intake exclusively.
- B. Check weight daily without discussing it with the patient.
- C. Observe the patient's response to meals, including food refusal or purging behavior.
- D. Monitor for signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because observing the patient's response to meals, including food refusal or purging behavior, is crucial in assessing the patient's eating habits and behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. This assessment helps in understanding the patient's relationship with food and identifying any disordered eating patterns. Monitoring fluid intake exclusively (Choice A) is not sufficient as it overlooks the broader aspects of the patient's eating behaviors. Checking weight daily without discussing it with the patient (Choice B) can be triggering and may not provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient's eating disorder. Monitoring for signs of vitamin and mineral deficiencies (Choice D) is important but does not directly address the specific behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa.
A client with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is described by other staff as being perfectionistic, inflexible, and a 'master at procrastination.' The nurse learns that the client is nearly immobilized during times that call for the client to make a decision. The nurse realizes that the most likely hypothesis is this behavior is related to:
- A. A need to make others uncomfortable
- B. Needing to be the center of attention
- C. Wanting someone else to be responsible
- D. Fear of making a mistake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fear of making a mistake. This is the most likely hypothesis because individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder often have an intense fear of making errors or mistakes. This fear can lead to excessive preoccupation with details, perfectionism, and procrastination. The client's immobilization during decision-making moments is likely due to the overwhelming anxiety and fear of making the wrong choice, which is a common trait in individuals with this disorder.
Choice A (A need to make others uncomfortable) is incorrect because there is no indication that the client's behavior is driven by a desire to cause discomfort to others. Choice B (Needing to be the center of attention) is incorrect as individuals with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder typically focus more on their own perfectionism rather than seeking attention. Choice C (Wanting someone else to be responsible) is incorrect as this behavior is more about the individual's fear of making mistakes rather than avoiding responsibility.
Psychological dependence on mood- or behavior-altering drugs is known as
- A. drug psychosis
- B. a substance related disorder
- C. an orthopsychosis
- D. a psychotropic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Substance-related disorders encompass psychological dependence on drugs altering mood or behavior.
Therapeutic nutrition begins for a patient with anorexia nervosa who is 70% of ideal body weight. Which nursing intervention is most important to add to the plan of care?
- A. Communicate empathy for the patient's feelings.
- B. Observe for adverse effects associated with refeeding.
- C. Teach patient about psychological origins of the disorder.
- D. Direct the patient to balance energy expenditure and caloric intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Observe for adverse effects associated with refeeding. This is important because refeeding syndrome can occur when a severely malnourished individual is reintroduced to nutrition too quickly, leading to potentially life-threatening electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring for signs such as fluid retention, electrolyte abnormalities, and changes in vital signs is crucial in preventing these complications.
Choice A: Communicating empathy is important in building trust and rapport with the patient, but it is not the most critical intervention in this scenario.
Choice C: Teaching the patient about the psychological origins of the disorder is important for long-term treatment, but it is not the most immediate concern when starting therapeutic nutrition.
Choice D: Directing the patient to balance energy expenditure and caloric intake is important for overall health, but it is not the priority when the patient is severely malnourished and at risk for refeeding syndrome.