Nokea
Dubowitz criteria to assess gestational age include:
- A. Skin colour
- B. Breast tissue
- C. Popliteal angle
- D. Moro reflex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast tissue is one of the criteria used in the Dubowitz assessment to estimate gestational age. Skin colour, popliteal angle, and Moro reflex are not part of the Dubowitz criteria.
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The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a sports physical on an adolescent whose history reveals mild aortic stenosis (AS). What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Avoidance of all sports to prevent sudden death
- B. Clearance for any sports since this is mild
- C. Evaluation by a cardiologist prior to participation
- D. Low-intensity sports
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with mild AS may participate in any sport but must have annual cardiac evaluations.
A 3-month-old infant who was previously healthy now has a persistent cough, bilateral lung crackles, and poor appetite. A grade III/VI, low-pitched, holosystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border and palpates the liver at one centimeter below the ribs. What diagnosis is likely?
- A. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
- B. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- C. Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
- D. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms above are characteristic of a VSD and may not present at birth but appear later as CHF becomes more pronounced.
The following contribute to the natural immunity transmitted in breast milk:
- A. Macrophages
- B. Natural killer cells
- C. Lysozyme
- D. Secretory IgA
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Secretory IgA in breast milk plays a crucial role in providing passive immunity to the infant by protecting mucosal surfaces from pathogens.
A client who suffered an electrical injury with the entrance site on the left hand and the exit site on the left foot is admitted to the burn unit. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this client plan of care?
- A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
- B. Perform passive range of motion
- C. Evaluate level of consciousness
- D. Assess lung sounds q4 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electrical injuries can cause cardiac arrhythmias, so continuous cardiac monitoring is critical to detect and manage any life-threatening complications.
The most common indication of heart transplantation in the neonate is
- A. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- B. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- C. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- D. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most common indication for heart transplantation in neonates.