Nokea
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD):
- A. Affects dystrophin gene
- B. Features usually present before five years of age
- C. Frontal baldness occurs
- D. Is part of the differential diagnosis in a floppy infant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Features usually present before five years of age
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An adolescent who sustained a tibia fracture in a motor vehicle accident has a cast. What should the nurse do to help relieve the itching?
- A. Apply cool air under the cast with a blow-dryer
- B. Use sterile applicators to scratch the itch
- C. Apply cool water under the cast
- D. Apply hydrocortisone cream under the cast using sterile applicator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cool air helps relieve itching without damaging the cast or introducing moisture, which can lead to skin breakdown.
The most common indication of heart transplantation in the neonate is
- A. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- B. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome
- C. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- D. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is the most common indication for heart transplantation in neonates.
Indications for an exchange transfusion include:
- A. ABO incompatibility
- B. Acute chest syndrome
- C. Sepsis
- D. Polycythaemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exchange transfusion is indicated in conditions like ABO incompatibility to prevent severe hemolytic disease in newborns. Acute chest syndrome sepsis polycythaemia and sickle nephropathy are not typical indications for exchange transfusion.
Patients at risk for bacterial endocarditis include those with all of the following EXCEPT
- A. repaired simple atrial septic defect
- B. aortic stenosis
- C. rheumatic fever heart disease
- D. palliative vascular shunts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Repaired simple atrial septal defects are not considered a risk for bacterial endocarditis unless there are residual defects.
Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?
- A. Neurogenic
- B. Cardiogenic
- C. Hypovolemic
- D. Anaphylactic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock results from extreme allergy or hypersensitivity to a foreign substance. Neurogenic shock results from loss of neuronal control, such as the interruption of neuronal transmission that occurs from a spinal cord injury. Cardiogenic shock is decreased cardiac output. Hypovolemic shock is a reduction in the size of the vascular compartment, decreasing blood pressure, and low central venous pressure.