Nokea
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD):
- A. Affects dystrophin gene
- B. Features usually present before five years of age
- C. Frontal baldness occurs
- D. Is part of the differential diagnosis in a floppy infant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Features usually present before five years of age
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While planning care for a client with carpal tunnel syndrome, the nurse identifies a collaborative problem of pain. what is the etiology of this problem?
- A. Irritation of nerve endings
- B. Diminished blood flow
- C. Ischemic tissue changes
- D. Compression of a nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve, leading to pain and other symptoms.
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a sports physical on an adolescent whose history reveals mild aortic stenosis (AS). What will the nurse practitioner recommend?
- A. Avoidance of all sports to prevent sudden death
- B. Clearance for any sports since this is mild
- C. Evaluation by a cardiologist prior to participation
- D. Low-intensity sports
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with mild AS may participate in any sport but must have annual cardiac evaluations.
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) has a predictable relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). A JVP of >12 mm Hg predicted PAWP >22 mm Hg by 88% in which of the following trials?
- A. BNP
- B. ESCAPE
- C. EVEREST
- D. EMPA REG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ESCAPE trial studied the effectiveness of therapies in patients with advanced heart failure and showed that elevated JVP was correlated with high pulmonary artery wedge pressures.
A pulmonary embolus occurring while the patient is on the combined oral contraceptive pill:
- A. Is more likely in anti-thrombin III deficiency
- B. Is more likely in protein C deficiency
- C. Is an absolute contraindication to the combined pill
- D. Is an increased risk in smokers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-thrombin III deficiency increases the risk of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism, especially in patients on the combined oral contraceptive pill.
Which of the following features favor a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy over constrictive pericarditis?
- A. Elevated pulmonary artery pressures
- B. Normal BNP levels
- C. Annulus reversus
- D. Ventricular interdependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Restrictive cardiomyopathy is associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressures