Nokea
Due to frequent bouts of constipation, the nurse examines the bedfast nursing home resident for ulceration of the anus, called anal
- A. fissure
Correct Answer: fissure
Rationale: Ulceration and laceration of the anal skin can occur because of overstretching with the passing of constipated stool.
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The nurse anticipates that the patient who has had a subtotal gastrectomy will need which type of supplement?
- A. protein due to the loss of some of the digestive processes.
- B. vitamin B12 due to the loss of the intrinsic factor.
- C. bulk to prevent constipation.
- D. vitamin A due to the loss of the gastric lining.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is recommended that all patients with a gastrectomy have a blood serum vitamin B12 level measured every 1 to 2 years. Decreased absorption of vitamin B12 may cause pernicious anemia.
Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every years.
- A. 5
Correct Answer: 5
Rationale: Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be performed every 5 years. Endoscopy of the lower GI tract allows visualization and, if indicated, access to obtain biopsy specimens of tumors, polyps, or ulcerations of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon. The lower GI tract is difficult to visualize radiographically, but sigmoidoscopy allows direct visualization.
The nurse explains that the chief enzyme of gastric juice, is activated by hydrochloric acid to begin digestion of protein.
- A. pepsin
Correct Answer: pepsin
Rationale: Pepsin is activated by the hydrochloric acid to break down protein for digestion.
Which change in the body leads to poor absorption of nutrients in a patient who has celiac disease?
- A. Development of diverticuli
- B. Anaphylactic reaction to wheat
- C. Destruction of the intestinal villi
- D. Reduced intestinal mucosal output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The ingestion of gluten in the small intestine damages the villi, which leads to malabsorption and diarrhea. Weight loss and vitamin deficiency, which occur from altered nutrition, can expand into systemic involvement.
Which are indicators of colorectal cancer?
- A. Constant diarrhea
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. Cachexia
- D. Cramps
- E. Rectal bleeding
- F. Anemia
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: The indicators for colorectal cancer are changing bowel habits between diarrhea and constipation, abdominal pain, cachexia, cramps, rectal bleeding, and anemia.