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During a consultation, a patient asks about the role of antioxidants in fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Antioxidants only benefit male fertility by improving sperm motility.
- B. Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress, improving egg and sperm quality.
- C. Antioxidants guarantee successful fertilization and implantation.
- D. Antioxidants are not relevant to reproductive health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because antioxidants can help reduce oxidative stress, which is beneficial for both egg and sperm quality in fertility. Antioxidants neutralize harmful free radicals, protecting reproductive cells from damage. Choice A is incorrect because antioxidants benefit both male and female fertility. Choice C is incorrect as antioxidants do not guarantee successful fertilization and implantation, but they can support the process. Choice D is incorrect as antioxidants do play a role in reproductive health by improving fertility outcomes.
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How does weight management affect fertility in both men and women?
- A. It has no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. Maintaining a healthy weight improves hormonal balance and sperm quality.
- C. Weight loss is only beneficial for women trying to conceive.
- D. Being underweight enhances fertility in men.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining a healthy weight positively affects hormonal balance and sperm quality in both men and women, leading to improved fertility outcomes. This is supported by research showing the link between obesity and infertility. Choice A is incorrect as weight management does impact fertility. Choice C is incorrect as weight loss can benefit fertility in both genders. Choice D is incorrect as being underweight can actually negatively impact fertility in men.
A client is to receive Pergonal (menotropins) injections for infertility prior to in vitro fertilization. Which of the following is the expected action of this medication?
- A. Prolongation of the luteal phase.
- B. Stimulation of ovulation.
- C. Suppression of menstruation.
- D. Promotion of cervical mucus production.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pergonal stimulates ovulation by promoting the maturation and release of ova.
What is the primary role of progesterone in early pregnancy?
- A. To stimulate fetal development.
- B. To maintain the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy.
- C. To trigger ovulation and release of the egg.
- D. To increase the production of amniotic fluid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To maintain the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy. Progesterone is crucial in early pregnancy as it helps in thickening and maintaining the uterine lining to support implantation of the fertilized egg and sustain the pregnancy. It also plays a role in suppressing the immune response to prevent rejection of the embryo.
A: To stimulate fetal development - Incorrect. Progesterone primarily focuses on preparing the uterus for pregnancy rather than directly stimulating fetal development.
C: To trigger ovulation and release of the egg - Incorrect. Progesterone is involved in the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation has occurred and is not responsible for triggering ovulation.
D: To increase the production of amniotic fluid - Incorrect. Progesterone does not directly impact the production of amniotic fluid, which is mainly regulated by the fetal kidneys and placenta.
A nurse is teaching a group about the benefits of folic acid supplementation before conception. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
- B. Folic acid improves the chances of multiple pregnancies.
- C. Folic acid is only needed during the third trimester of pregnancy.
- D. Folic acid reduces the need for prenatal vitamins.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. The rationale is that folic acid is essential for the development of the neural tube in early pregnancy, which is crucial for the baby's brain and spinal cord formation. By emphasizing this benefit, the nurse educates about the importance of folic acid before conception to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because folic acid does not improve chances of multiple pregnancies, is needed before conception and throughout pregnancy (not just in the third trimester), and is a supplement that complements prenatal vitamins rather than replacing them.
The nurse is counseling a pregnant couple who are both carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disease. Which of the following comments by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. I wish I could give you good news
- B. but because this is your first pregnancy
- C. your child will definitely have PKU.
- D. Congratulations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each child has a 25% chance of having PKU, a 50% chance of being a carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected.