Pediatric HESI Quizlet

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During a follow-up clinical visit, a mother tells the nurse that her 5-month-old son, who had surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot, has rapid breathing, often takes a long time to eat, and requires frequent rest periods. The infant is not crying while being held, and his growth is in the expected range. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

  • A. Stimulate the infant to cry to produce cyanosis
  • B. Auscultate the heart and lungs while holding the infant
  • C. Evaluate the infant for failure to thrive
  • D. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Auscultating the heart and lungs while the infant is held is the most appropriate intervention to assess his current condition. This action allows the nurse to gather important information regarding the cardiovascular and respiratory status of the infant, which is crucial in evaluating his post-surgical recovery and overall well-being. Option A is incorrect as stimulating the infant to cry intentionally is not necessary and could cause distress. Option C is incorrect as the infant's growth is within the expected range, indicating no signs of failure to thrive. Option D is incorrect as obtaining a 12-lead electrocardiogram is not the initial intervention needed in this situation; assessing the heart and lungs through auscultation is more immediate and informative.

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How should the caregiver instruct on caring for a 4-month-old with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) when shampooing the child's hair?

  • A. Use a soft brush and gently scrub the area.
  • B. Avoid scrubbing the scalp until the scales disappear.
  • C. Avoid washing the child's hair more than once a week.
  • D. Use soap and water and avoid shampoos.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When dealing with seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) in infants, it is essential to use a soft brush and gently scrub the affected area to help remove the scales. This process can aid in managing the condition and preventing further build-up. It is important to be gentle to avoid irritating the baby's delicate skin. Choice B is incorrect as gentle scrubbing with a soft brush can help in the removal of scales. Choice C is incorrect because regular but gentle washing is recommended to manage cradle cap. Choice D is incorrect as using specialized shampoos designed for cradle cap is usually recommended over soap and water.

Following admission for cardiac catheterization, the nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a 2-year-old toddler with tetralogy of Fallot. What instruction should the nurse give the parents if their child becomes pale, cool, and lethargic?

  • A. Encourage oral electrolyte solution intake
  • B. Assist the child to a recumbent position
  • C. Contact their healthcare provider immediately
  • D. Provide a quiet time by holding or rocking the toddler
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: If a child with tetralogy of Fallot becomes pale, cool, and lethargic, these symptoms may indicate a hypoxic episode or worsening condition. It is crucial to contact the healthcare provider immediately for further evaluation and management to ensure the child's safety and well-being. Option A is incorrect because electrolyte solution intake is not the immediate action needed for these symptoms. Option B is incorrect as positioning alone may not address the underlying issue. Option D is incorrect as providing a quiet time is not appropriate if the child is experiencing concerning symptoms that require prompt medical attention.

A 6-year-old child is diagnosed with rheumatic fever and demonstrates associated chorea (sudden aimless movements of the arms and legs). Which information should the nurse provide to the parents?

  • A. Permanent lifestyle changes need to be made to promote safety in the home
  • B. The chorea or movements are temporary and will eventually disappear
  • C. Muscle tension is decreased with fine motor project skills, so these activities should be encouraged
  • D. Consistent discipline is needed to help the child control the movements
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which statement by a school-aged client going to summer camp indicates the best understanding of the mode of transmission of Lyme disease?

  • A. I'll cover my mouth with a wet cloth if there's too much dust blowing.
  • B. Cuts and scrapes need to be washed out and covered right away.
  • C. I'm not going to swim where the water is standing still or feels too hot.
  • D. I have to wear long sleeves and pants when we're hiking around the pond.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Wearing long sleeves and pants helps prevent tick bites, which can transmit Lyme disease. Ticks carrying Lyme disease are often found in wooded or grassy areas, so covering exposed skin can reduce the risk of being bitten by an infected tick. Choices A, B, and C do not address the specific mode of transmission of Lyme disease through tick bites, making them incorrect.

A 10-year-old child is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which laboratory value should the practical nurse (PN) anticipate?

  • A. Elevated blood glucose.
  • B. Decreased serum ketones.
  • C. Low urine glucose.
  • D. High bicarbonate levels.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), the primary feature is elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin deficiency. Additionally, ketones are increased in the blood and urine. Bicarbonate levels are usually low because of the metabolic acidosis that accompanies DKA. Therefore, the practical nurse should anticipate elevated blood glucose levels as a characteristic laboratory finding in a child admitted with DKA. Choice B is incorrect because serum ketones are increased in DKA. Choice C is incorrect because in DKA, urine glucose is typically high due to spillage of glucose into the urine. Choice D is incorrect because bicarbonate levels are usually low in DKA, not high.

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