Nokea
During a history, a patient reports rectal bleeding, a warning sign of colorectal cancer. The nurse correlates which clinical finding with colorectal cancer?
- A. Thick, blood-tinged mucus within the rectum
- B. A pus-filled cavity in the anorectal area
- C. An irregular mass with raised edges on the rectal wall
- D. A small, smooth nodule protruding from the rectum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an irregular mass with raised edges on the rectal wall is a common clinical finding associated with colorectal cancer. This mass could be a tumor or polyp, which can lead to rectal bleeding. Option A is incorrect because thick, blood-tinged mucus is more commonly associated with inflammatory conditions. Option B is incorrect as a pus-filled cavity suggests an abscess or infection, not colorectal cancer. Option D is incorrect because a small, smooth nodule is more indicative of hemorrhoids rather than colorectal cancer.
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A major function of FSH is to
- A. stimulate the development of the gonads during early development.
- B. stimulate spermatogenesis in males and oocytes maturation in females.
- C. increase the secretion of testosterone by the testes.
- D. regulate the secretion of the bulbourethral gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because FSH, or Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, stimulates spermatogenesis in males and oocyte maturation in females. In males, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells in the testes to promote the development of sperm cells. In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles, leading to the release of mature eggs.
Choice A is incorrect because FSH is not primarily responsible for the development of gonads during early development. Choice C is incorrect because FSH does not directly increase the secretion of testosterone by the testes; that is the role of LH (Luteinizing Hormone). Choice D is incorrect because FSH does not regulate the secretion of the bulbourethral gland; that is controlled by other hormones.
Primary spermatogonium undergo:
- A. two mitotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- B. mitosis and then meiosis to become a secondary spermatocyte
- C. two meiotic divisions to become a secondary spermatocyte
- D. meiosis and differentiation to become a secondary spermatocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Primary spermatogonium undergo mitosis to replicate and maintain the diploid chromosome number, then meiosis to reduce the chromosome number, resulting in secondary spermatocytes. Choice A is incorrect as it skips meiosis. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests two meiotic divisions from primary spermatogonium, which is not accurate. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to mention the initial step of mitosis before meiosis in the process.
Which of the following reasons would make a client who was treated successfully for a chlamydia infection at a greater risk for acquiring AIDS?
- A. The tissue irritation may be permanent, despite successful eradication of the bacteria.
- B. The immune system is already compromised.
- C. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes AIDS.
- D. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis continues to live inside the cells it has infected.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Having had an STI indicates existing vulnerabilities in the immune system, increasing susceptibility to HIV/AIDS.
After a rectal examination of a patient with obstructive jaundice, the nurse expects the stool to be what color?
- A. Tan
- B. Pale yellow
- C. Black
- D. Bright red
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tan. In obstructive jaundice, there is a blockage in the bile ducts, leading to reduced bile flow into the intestines. As a result, stool color changes to tan or clay-colored due to the absence of bile pigments. Pale yellow is incorrect as it suggests some bile flow. Black stool indicates upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Bright red stool indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
Which bone is called as the shoulder bone
- A. Clavicle
- B. Sternum
- C. Humerus
- D. Scapula
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Scapula. The scapula is commonly known as the shoulder blade and is the bone that connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the collarbone (clavicle) to form the shoulder joint. The other choices, A: Clavicle, is the collarbone; B: Sternum, is the breastbone; and C: Humerus, is the upper arm bone, are not specifically referred to as the shoulder bone. Therefore, the scapula is the correct answer as it is directly associated with the shoulder joint.