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During a mental status examination, which of the following components should be included in the assessment? Select one that doesn't apply.
- A. Appearance and behavior
- B. Thought processes
- C. Mood and affect
- D. The greater the cultural distance from the mainstream of society, the greater the likelihood that the illness will be treated with sensitivity and compassion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a mental status examination, key components to be assessed include the client's appearance and behavior, thought processes, mood and affect, and cognitive function. These components help in evaluating the client's mental health status. The statement about cultural distance and illness treatment is not a part of a mental status examination and is not relevant to the assessment of mental health. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of a mental status examination and contribute to a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's mental well-being.
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During a mental health assessment on an adult client, which client action would demonstrate the highest achievement in terms of mental health according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
- A. Maintaining a long-term, faithful, intimate relationship
- B. Achieving a sense of self-confidence
- C. Possessing a feeling of self-fulfillment and realizing full potential
- D. Developing a sense of purpose and the ability to direct activities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the highest level. Possessing a feeling of self-fulfillment and realizing full potential reflects self-actualization. This level represents achieving personal growth, self-improvement, and reaching one's full potential, indicating optimal mental health. Choices A, B, and D represent lower levels of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy. Maintaining a long-term relationship indicates belongingness and love needs, achieving self-confidence pertains to esteem needs, and developing a sense of purpose relates to self-esteem and self-actualization needs, but they are not at the pinnacle of self-actualization as in choice C.
Which should the healthcare provider recognize as a DSM-5 disorder?
- A. Obesity
- B. Generalized anxiety disorder
- C. Hypertension
- D. Grief
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The DSM-5 categorizes mental health disorders for diagnostic purposes. Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the disorders listed in the DSM-5, characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various events or activities. This disorder falls under the category of anxiety disorders, which also include panic disorder, phobias, and others. Choices A, C, and D are not DSM-5 disorders. Obesity and hypertension are medical conditions, while grief, though a significant emotional response, is not classified as a mental health disorder in the DSM-5.
A bright student confides in the school nurse about conflicts related to attending college or working to add needed financial support to the family. Which coping strategy is most appropriate for the nurse to recommend to the student at this time?
- A. Meditation
- B. Problem-solving training
- C. Relaxation
- D. Journaling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the student is dealing with conflicting priorities of attending college or working to support the family financially. Problem-solving training is the most appropriate coping strategy to recommend. It can help the student objectively assess the situation, identify potential solutions, and make informed decisions. Problem-solving training provides structure and guidance, empowering the student to navigate the conflicting priorities effectively and choose the best course of action. Meditation, relaxation, and journaling may be beneficial for stress relief but may not directly address the decision-making process required in this situation.
In the treatment of a patient with bipolar disorder experiencing a depressive episode, which medication is commonly prescribed?
- A. Valproic acid
- B. Risperidone
- C. Fluoxetine
- D. Lithium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed antidepressant, is used to manage depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. It helps alleviate symptoms of depression by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce feelings of sadness and hopelessness. While mood stabilizers like lithium are often used in bipolar disorder, for depressive episodes, antidepressants like fluoxetine are preferred to address the specific symptoms associated with depression. Valproic acid is a mood stabilizer often used in bipolar disorder to manage manic episodes. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that may be used in bipolar disorder to help control manic episodes or as an adjunctive treatment, but it is not a first-line medication for depressive episodes.
A client is under a great deal of stress. Which nursing recommendation would be least helpful in assisting the client in coping with stress? Select one that doesn't apply.
- A. Enjoy a pet.
- B. Spend time with a loved one.
- C. Listen to music.
- D. Focus on the stressors.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Focusing on the stressors can exacerbate stress levels in the client's life rather than helping to cope with it. Engaging in activities such as enjoying a pet, spending time with loved ones, and listening to music are known to be stress-relieving and can aid in coping with stress. It is essential to encourage strategies that promote relaxation and positive emotions, rather than fixating on the stressors that may worsen the client's condition. Therefore, 'Focus on the stressors' is the least helpful recommendation as it does not contribute to stress management.