Nokea
During a preoperative review of systems, the patient reveals a history of renal disease. This finding suggests the need for which preoperative diagnostic tests?
- A. ECG and chest x-ray
- B. Serum glucose and CBC
- C. ABGs and coagulation tests
- D. BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal disease necessitates evaluating kidney function through tests like BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes.
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What is the side effect caused by tyramine in foods when taking an MAOI inhibitor?
- A. Cardiac dysrrhythmias
- B. Thyroid storm
- C. Hypertensive crisis
- D. Rhabdomyolysis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tyramine interacts with MAOIs to cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure, known as hypertensive crisis.
The primary mode of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis is
- A. Relaxed posture for comfort.
- B. Physical therapy.
- C. Strict bedrest.
- D. Respiratory therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Physical therapy helps maintain mobility in ankylosing spondylitis.
Identify measures that the nurse should use to reduce health care disparities
- A. Use cultural competency guidelines
- B. Use a family member as the interpreter
- C. Use standardized evidence-based care guidelines
- D. Complete the health history as rapidly as possible
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using cultural competency guidelines, standardized evidence-based care, and incorporating racial/cultural differences in care plans helps mitigate disparities. Rushing the process or relying solely on family interpreters can worsen outcomes.
A 54-year-old client has cholelithiasis and is admitted for an elective cholecystectomy. The client is 5 feet 3 inches tall, weighs 205 pounds, and has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for 35 years. The client will be NPO at midnight. When the client's spouse asks why the client cannot have breakfast the morning before surgery, the nurse should explain:
- A. Your spouse is a good-sized person and it won't hurt to miss breakfast.
- B. Eating breakfast and having food in the stomach could cause vomiting and aspiration during surgery.
- C. Your spouse will be too busy in the morning preparing for surgery to have time to eat breakfast.
- D. Not eating breakfast will prevent fecal contamination of the abdominal operative site.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client's size has nothing to do with an NPO status. Clients are at greatest risk for aspiration and vomiting during surgery when food and/or liquids are in the stomach. Preparation on the morning of surgery is time consuming, but it does not affect a client's NPO status. The gallbladder lies under the surface of the liver and is a part of the biliary tract, not the intestinal tract. Cholecystectomy does not involve the intestinal tract or its contents.
The most common, preventable complication of abdominal surgery is
- A. atelectasis.
- B. fluid and electrolyte imbalance.
- C. thrombophlebitis.
- D. urinary retention.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinary retention is a common issue post-abdominal surgery due to anesthesia effects and immobility.