Nokea
During a routine clinic visit, a client tells the nurse that he is taking an over-the-counter antidiarrheal agent for treatment of diarrhea. The nurse reviews the drug information with the client. Afterward, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client states that he will contact his primary health care provider if the diarrhea is not resolved within which time frame?
- A. 24 hours
- B. 48 hours
- C. 72 hours
- D. 96 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If diarrhea persists for more than 2 days when over-the-counter (OTC) antidiarrheal drugs are being used, the client should discontinue use and seek treatment from the primary health care provider.
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A client has been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. The physician has prescribed sulfasalazine to the client. Based on the nurse's understanding of this condition, the nurse would monitor the client for which of the following?
- A. Mild symptoms of contact dermatitis
- B. Abdominal pain and distention
- C. Severe blood- and mucus-filled diarrhea
- D. Frequent loose or watery stools
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for severe blood- and mucus-filled diarrhea in the client with ulcerative colitis. Pain and fatigue also accompany this disorder. Abdominal pain and distention are clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease. When clients are hypersensitive to ragweed, asters, and chrysanthemums are administered the chamomile herb, mild symptoms of contact dermatitis are observed. Frequent loose or watery stools are not associated with ulcerative colitis.
Which of the following produce their laxative effect by direct action on the intestine to increase peristalsis?
- A. Sennosides (Senokot)
- B. Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
- C. Glycerin (Fleet Babylax)
- D. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- E. Lactulose (Chronulac)
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Irritant or stimulant laxatives, like sennosides (Senokot) and bisacodyl (Dulcolax), produce their laxative effect by direct action on the intestine to increase peristalsis. Methylcellulose is a bulk-forming laxative. Glycerin and lactulose are hyperosmolar drugs.
After teaching a group of nursing students about laxatives, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which drug as producing the laxative effect by promoting water retention in the fecal mass and softening the stool?
- A. Docusate sodium (Colace)
- B. Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
- C. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- D. Lactulose (Chronulac)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stool softeners, like docusate sodium (Colace) and docusate calcium (Surfak), produce their laxative effect by promoting water retention in the fecal mass and softening the stool. Methylcellulose is a bulk-producing laxative. Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative. Lactulose is a hyperosmolar laxative.
A client is prescribed diphenoxylate. The nurse informs the client that he may experience which of the following effects?
- A. Euphoric effects
- B. Analgesic effects
- C. Anti-inflammatory effects
- D. Sedative effects
- E. Slowed GI effects
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Because diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is opioid related, it may have sedative, slowed GI, and euphoric effects but no analgesic or anti-inflammatory activity.
A nurse is caring for a client with constipation. The physician prescribes cascara sagrada to the client. Which of the following effects should the nurse monitor for in the client after administration of the drug?
- A. Sudden increase in weight
- B. Brownish discoloration of urine
- C. Reduced sperm count
- D. Abdominal pain and cramping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor for pink-red, red-violet, red-brown, yellow-brown, or black discoloration of urine after administration of cascara sagrada to the client. Reduced sperm count is the adverse effect of sulfasalazine. Abdominal pain and cramping are the adverse effects of olsalazine. Cascara sagrada does not cause a sudden increase in the weight of the client.