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During a substance abuse class at an elementary school, a student says, 'My Dad used to drink one beer a day. Now he drinks at least a six-pack every day.' What does this child's description of the father indicate?
- A. The parent's judgment is likely too impaired to provide care for the child.
- B. Since the parent is increasing his alcohol intake, it is likely that he will soon begin using other addicting drugs.
- C. The parent is exhibiting tolerance to alcohol and must increase the amount to achieve the desired effect.
- D. The child is denying that there is a problem of alcohol abuse in the family.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The increase from one beer to a six-pack daily suggests tolerance, where the parent needs more alcohol to achieve the same effect, a hallmark of developing alcohol dependency.
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which diseases are reportable infectious diseases? Select all that apply.
- A. Pediculosis.
- B. Bacterial conjunctivitis.
- C. Anthrax.
- D. Diphtheria.
- E. Tuberculosis.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Anthrax, Diphtheria, and Tuberculosis are reportable due to their severe public health implications, potential for outbreaks, and, in the case of anthrax, bioterrorism concerns. Pediculosis and bacterial conjunctivitis, while public health concerns, are not typically mandated for reporting to the CDC.
The parish nurse notes that an older adult client has had a 5 lb (2.3 kg) weight loss since a check-up one month ago. The client has good hygiene, still drives a car, and lives alone. To which agency should the nurse refer this client?
- A. The Senior Citizen Center.
- B. The Social Security Administration office.
- C. The Adult Day Care Center.
- D. The Women, Infant, and Children office.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Senior Citizen Center offers social activities and meal programs that can address potential causes of weight loss, such as isolation or inadequate nutrition, suitable for an independent older adult.
A nurse designs a series of four weekly classes for clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which information should the nurse use as an outcome evaluation for the classes?
- A. Fasting blood glucose average readings were 20% lower at the end of the classes.
- B. Discussion of food exchanges and calories was a well-attended class.
- C. Demonstrating the use of a blood glucose meter was an effective teaching strategy.
- D. Parking convenience for attendees continued to be a major concern.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lower fasting blood glucose readings directly indicate improved diabetes management, reflecting the classes' effectiveness.
On a day when the temperature is expected to drop to below freezing during the night, the nurse is asked to determine which homeless adults are most in need of the limited spaces that are available in a shelter. It is most important for which person to be admitted for the night?
- A. A young person with diabetes mellitus.
- B. A middle-aged person who has hypertension.
- C. An older person who is malnourished.
- D. An adult who was hit by a car 3 weeks ago.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A malnourished older person is most vulnerable to hypothermia due to impaired thermoregulation, making shelter critical to prevent cold-related illnesses.
While reviewing the objectives for 'Healthy People 2030,' the nurse determines that the community has a significant problem in preventing dental caries among children. To bring about change that addresses this identified community health problem, which is the best place to initiate a prevention program?
- A. Hospital emergency departments.
- B. The local shopping mall.
- C. Women, Infant, and Children office.
- D. Community youth center.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The WIC office targets low-income families with young children, ideal for dental caries prevention through education and resources.