Nokea
During haemostasis, prostacyclin
- A. Cleaves prothrombin into thrombin
- B. Causes vasodilation
- C. Stimulates platelet aggregation
- D. Activates fibrinolysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prostacyclin is a vasodilator, which means it causes blood vessels to widen, leading to decreased blood pressure and increased blood flow. During haemostasis, this vasodilation helps in maintaining blood flow and preventing platelet aggregation in the damaged area. Option A is incorrect because prostacyclin does not cleave prothrombin into thrombin. Option C is incorrect as prostacyclin inhibits platelet aggregation. Option D is incorrect because prostacyclin does not directly activate fibrinolysis. In summary, the correct answer is B because prostacyclin's vasodilation function plays a crucial role in haemostasis by preventing excessive clot formation and maintaining blood flow.
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A patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is receiving information from the oncology nurse. The patient asks the nurse why she should stop drinking and smoking and stay out of the sun. What would be the nurse's best response?
- A. Everyone should do these things because they're health promotion activities that apply to everyone.
- B. You don't want to develop a second cancer, do you?
- C. You need to do this just to be on the safe side.
- D. It's important to reduce other factors that increase the risk of second cancers.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because reducing factors that increase the risk of second cancers is crucial for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma due to the potential for developing secondary cancers. Alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure are known risk factors for various cancers, including secondary cancers. By avoiding these behaviors, the patient can decrease the likelihood of developing another cancer.
Choice A is incorrect because while health promotion activities are beneficial, the specific reason for a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to stop drinking, smoking, and avoiding sun exposure is to reduce the risk of second cancers, not just for general health.
Choice B is incorrect because it uses fear tactics and does not provide a clear rationale for why the patient should make these lifestyle changes.
Choice C is incorrect because it lacks a specific explanation for the importance of avoiding alcohol, smoking, and sun exposure in relation to reducing the risk of second cancers.
A 35-year-old male is admitted to the hospital complaining of severe headaches, vomiting, and testicular pain. His blood work shows reduced numbers of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, with a high proportion of immature cells. The nurse caring for this patient suspects a diagnosis of what?
- A. AML
- B. CML
- C. MDS
- D. ALL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ALL (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia). In this scenario, the patient presents with symptoms of headaches, vomiting, testicular pain, and abnormal blood work showing reduced platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes with a high proportion of immature cells. These findings are characteristic of ALL, a type of leukemia that primarily affects lymphoid cells. The combination of symptoms and blood work results suggests a rapid and aggressive proliferation of immature lymphoid cells, leading to bone marrow failure and symptoms such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. AML (choice A) primarily affects myeloid cells, not lymphoid cells. CML (choice B) typically presents with elevated leukocyte count and presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. MDS (choice C) is a group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to cytopenias, but does not typically present with the rapid onset of symptoms seen in this case
The nurse is assessing a client experiencing anemia. Which laboratory findings will the nurse expect for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased hematocrit
- B. Decreased red blood cell count
- C. Decreased serum iron
- D. Decreased hemoglobin
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased red blood cell count. Anemia is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells, leading to a lower than normal red blood cell count. In anemia, the body cannot transport enough oxygen to tissues, leading to symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath. Increased hematocrit (A) and decreased hemoglobin (D) are related to anemia but not specific enough to be conclusive. Decreased serum iron (C) may be seen in iron-deficiency anemia but is not always present in all types of anemia.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a diagnosis of acute leukemia. What assessment most directly addresses the most common cause of death among patients with leukemia?
- A. Monitoring for infection
- B. Monitoring nutritional status
- C. Monitor electrolyte levels
- D. Monitoring liver function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitoring for infection. Acute leukemia patients are at high risk for infections due to compromised immune function. Infection is the most common cause of death among leukemia patients. Regular monitoring for signs of infection, such as fever and abnormal white blood cell counts, is crucial for early detection and treatment. Option B, monitoring nutritional status, is important but not the most direct cause of death in leukemia patients. Option C, monitoring electrolyte levels, is important but not as directly related to the cause of death in leukemia patients. Option D, monitoring liver function, is not the most common cause of death in leukemia patients and is not directly related to leukemia complications.
Half life of plat. Is:
- A. 1-2days
- B. 3-4days
- C. 5-6days
- D. 7-8days
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 3-4 days. The half-life of a substance is the time it takes for half of the original amount to decay. In this case, since the half-life of platinum is 3-4 days, it means that after 3-4 days, half of the initial amount of platinum will have decayed. This answer is correct because it accurately represents the time frame for platinum decay. The other choices are incorrect because they do not correspond to the known half-life of platinum. Choice A (1-2 days), C (5-6 days), and D (7-8 days) are outside the typical half-life range for platinum, making them incorrect options.