Nokea
During pregnancy, many changes occur as a direct result of the presence of the fetus. Which of these adaptations meet this criterion? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Leukorrhea
- B. Development of the operculum
- C. Quickening
- D. Ballottement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Development of the operculum. This adaptation refers to the formation of a mucus plug in the cervix during pregnancy, which helps protect the fetus from infections. It is a direct result of the presence of the fetus as it serves as a physical barrier.
A: Leukorrhea is the increased vaginal discharge during pregnancy, but it is not a direct result of the fetus presence.
C: Quickening is the first fetal movements felt by the mother, but it is a fetal activity, not a direct adaptation.
D: Ballottement is a palpation technique used to assess the fetus position, not an adaptation directly caused by the fetus.
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Now in her second trimester of pregnancy, the client, who was a marathon runner before nausea and overwhelming tiredness kept her from exercising regularly, is wondering whether she can run now. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Certainly, if you feel up to it.
- B. Your level of exercise will be somewhat modified by the changes occurring in your body.
- C. Your primary health care provider will need to give you permission.
- D. Because your body is meeting the needs of two people now, you should avoid too much exercise.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Your level of exercise will be somewhat modified by the changes occurring in your body."
Rationale:
1. Pregnancy impacts a woman's body significantly, including changes in hormones, weight distribution, and center of gravity.
2. These changes can affect a woman's ability to engage in high-impact activities like running.
3. The nurse's response acknowledges the need for modification in exercise routine to accommodate these changes.
4. It promotes a balanced approach to exercise during pregnancy, considering both the benefits of physical activity and the safety of the mother and baby.
Summary of Other Choices:
A: "Certainly, if you feel up to it." - This response oversimplifies the situation and does not consider the specific physiological changes during pregnancy that may impact the woman's ability to run safely.
C: "Your primary health care provider will need to give you permission." - While consulting a healthcare provider is important, this response does not address the specific concerns related to exercise during pregnancy.
Cardiovascular system changes occur during pregnancy. Which finding would be considered normal for a woman in her second trimester?
- A. Less audible heart sounds (S , S ) 1 2
- B. Increased pulse rate
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased pulse rate. During the second trimester of pregnancy, it is normal for a woman's heart rate to increase due to the increased blood volume and cardiac output needed to support the growing fetus. This physiological change helps meet the increased metabolic demands of both the mother and the baby.
A: Less audible heart sounds (S1, S2) is incorrect because heart sounds are typically more audible during pregnancy due to the increased blood flow and volume in the cardiovascular system.
C: Increased blood pressure is incorrect because blood pressure tends to decrease slightly during the second trimester before rising again in the third trimester.
D: Decreased red blood cell (RBC) production is incorrect because RBC production actually increases during pregnancy to support the increased oxygen-carrying capacity required for the mother and the fetus.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their breasts, nurses should be aware that:
- A. the visibility of blood vessels that form an intertwining blue network indicates full function of Montgomery's tubercles and possibly infection of the tubercles.
- B. the mammary glands do not develop until 2 weeks before labor.
- C. lactation is inhibited until the estrogen level declines after birth.
- D. colostrum is the yellowish oily substance used to lubricate the nipples for breastfeeding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A:
1. Montgomery's tubercles are sebaceous glands on the areola.
2. Blood vessels becoming visible indicates increased blood supply due to hormonal changes during pregnancy.
3. The intertwining blue network reflects full function of Montgomery's tubercles.
4. Infection may cause inflammation and increased visibility of blood vessels.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Incorrect, mammary glands develop during puberty, not right before labor.
C: Incorrect, lactation is primarily influenced by prolactin, not estrogen.
D: Incorrect, colostrum is a thick, yellowish fluid containing antibodies, not an oily substance for lubrication.
An expectant couple asks the nurse about intercourse during pregnancy and whether it is safe for the baby. What information should the nurse provide?
- A. Intercourse is safe until the third trimester.
- B. Safer sex practices should be used once the membranes rupture
- C. Intercourse should be avoided if any spotting from the vagina occurs afterward
- D. Intercourse and orgasm are often contraindicated if a history of or signs of preterm
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: As per the provided choices, none of them accurately address the safety of intercourse during pregnancy. The correct information that the nurse should provide is that intercourse is generally safe during a normal, healthy pregnancy unless advised otherwise by a healthcare provider. It is important to communicate that unless there are specific medical conditions or complications, intercourse is typically safe throughout pregnancy. Therefore, the correct answer is that the nurse should inform the expectant couple that intercourse is safe during pregnancy unless advised otherwise.
The maternity nurse understands that vascular volume increases 40% to 45% during pregnancy to:
- A. compensate for decreased renal plasma flow.
- B. provide adequate perfusion of the placenta.
- C. eliminate metabolic wastes of the mother.
- D. prevent maternal and fetal dehydration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of increased vascular volume is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the fetus via the placenta.