Nokea
During prenatal development, the ectoderm becomes the __________.
- A. muscles and skeleton
- B. nervous system and skin
- C. circulatory system and other internal organs
- D. digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nervous system and skin. The nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, as well as the skin, develop from the ectoderm layer of cells during prenatal development. Choice A is incorrect because muscles and skeleton develop from mesoderm. Choice C is incorrect because the circulatory system and other internal organs develop from mesoderm and endoderm. Choice D is incorrect because the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands develop from endoderm.
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Dana is pregnant with her first child and wonders how much weight she should gain during the pregnancy. You should recommend a healthy diet that results in a weight gain of __________ pounds.
- A. 10 to 15
- B. 15 to 20
- C. 25 to 30
- D. 35 to 40
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The recommended weight gain during pregnancy depends on the pre-pregnancy weight of the mother. For a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, the recommended weight gain is typically between 25 to 30 pounds. This range is considered healthy to support the growth and development of the baby while also maintaining the mother's health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they represent weight gain ranges that are either too low or too high for a woman with a normal pre-pregnancy BMI, which could pose health risks for both the mother and the baby. It is crucial to adhere to healthcare professionals' guidelines to ensure a healthy pregnancy and birth outcome.
In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the __________.
- A. way the angry encounters end
- B. amount of unresolved anger
- C. frequency of angry encounters
- D. children's emotional reactions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions, the dependent variable would be the children's emotional reactions. The dependent variable is the outcome being measured or tested in an experiment. In this study, the researchers are trying to understand how the way angry encounters end influences children's emotions. Therefore, the emotional reactions of the children would be the dependent variable that is being studied and measured in relation to the way angry encounters end. Choices A, B, and C are not the dependent variable in this scenario. While they may be related factors, the main focus of the study is on how the way angry encounters end impacts children's emotional reactions, making children's emotional reactions the dependent variable.
During the second month of pregnancy, __________.
- A. the umbilical cord first appears as a primitive body stalk
- B. touch sensitivity extends to most of the body
- C. the heart develops separate chambers
- D. the heartbeat can be heard through a stethoscope
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the second month of pregnancy, the heart of the developing fetus begins to develop separate chambers, forming the structure necessary for a fully functioning heart. This is a significant milestone in the prenatal development process. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the appearance of the umbilical cord as a primitive body stalk typically occurs around week 5-6, touch sensitivity extending to most of the body is more characteristic of the end of the second trimester, and the heartbeat is usually detectable through a stethoscope around the 18th to 20th week of pregnancy, not during the second month.
According to psychosexual theory, what is crucial for healthy personality development?
- A. Children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world.
- B. Directly observable events are the appropriate focus of psychological study.
- C. How parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years.
- D. The ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to psychosexual theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development. This theory suggests that personality development is heavily influenced by a child's experiences during early stages of development, particularly related to handling sexual and aggressive impulses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the core principles of psychosexual theory, which focuses on the importance of early childhood experiences, especially in the context of sexual and aggressive drives.
How can families prevent escalating demands that lead to chaos?
- A. Parental multitasking
- B. Eating separate meals
- C. Compression of family routines
- D. High-quality child care that is affordable and reliable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-quality child care that is affordable and reliable can help prevent escalating demands on families that lead to chaos. This is achieved by providing a stable and supportive environment for children, enabling parents to balance work and family responsibilities effectively. Access to reliable child care reduces stress and helps in preventing chaos within the family, ultimately leading to improved well-being for both parents and children. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly address the need for external support to manage family demands and prevent chaos. Parental multitasking, eating separate meals, and compressing family routines may not provide the necessary stability and support required to prevent escalating demands on families.