Nokea
During sexual intercourse, the sperm cells then enter the uterus though the and travel to the egg tubes:
- A. Cervix
- B. Fallopian tubes
- C. Ovaries
- D. Mammary glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sperm enters the uterus through the cervix and travels to the fallopian tubes to reach the egg.
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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their cardiovascular system, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. a pregnant woman experiencing disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia requires close medical and obstetric observation, no matter how healthy she otherwise may appear
- B. changes in heart size and position and increases in blood volume create auditory changes from 20 weeks to term
- C. palpitations are twice as likely to occur in twin gestations
- D. all of the above changes will likely occur
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Auditory changes in the heart occur due to positional and structural changes during pregnancy. Sinus arrhythmia is common and benign unless accompanied by other symptoms.
The decrease in systemic vascular resistance aids in decreasing which physiological measure?
- A. Cardiac output
- B. Pulse rate
- C. Renal blood flow
- D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The decrease in systemic vascular resistance leads to a decrease in blood pressure for the following reasons: 1. Vasodilation reduces resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels, lowering overall pressure. 2. As resistance decreases, the heart doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure. 3. Lower resistance allows blood to flow more easily, reducing pressure on the arterial walls. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Decreasing systemic vascular resistance would typically increase cardiac output, not decrease it. B: Pulse rate is primarily affected by factors like sympathetic nervous system activity and not directly by changes in vascular resistance. C: Renal blood flow is more influenced by factors like renal artery pressure and hormonal regulation, rather than changes in systemic vascular resistance.
Which finding is a positive sign of pregnancy?
- A. Amenorrhea
- B. Breast changes
- C. Fetal movement felt by the woman
- D. Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Breast changes. During pregnancy, hormonal changes cause breast enlargement, tenderness, and darkening of the areolas. This is considered a positive sign of pregnancy because it is a direct physiological response to the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. Amenorrhea (choice A) is a common early sign of pregnancy but can also be due to other factors. Fetal movement (choice C) and visualization of fetus by ultrasound (choice D) are considered presumptive and probable signs of pregnancy, respectively, but not definitive positive signs like breast changes.
After receiving information on the signs and symptoms of potential complications during pregnancy, the prenatal client knows to immediately report which of the following to her health care provider? Select all that apply.
- A. Backache and flank pain
- B. Burning on urination
- C. Enlargement of breasts and tenderness
- D. Abdominal cramping and vaginal bleeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Enlargement of breasts and tenderness. This is because backache, flank pain, burning on urination, abdominal cramping, and vaginal bleeding are not typically associated with potential complications during pregnancy. Enlargement of breasts and tenderness could indicate conditions like preeclampsia or ectopic pregnancy, which require immediate medical attention to prevent serious complications. The other choices do not directly relate to pregnancy complications and may not be urgent concerns. It's crucial for the prenatal client to report any unusual or concerning symptoms to her healthcare provider promptly to ensure the safety of both her and the baby.
A woman is at 14 weeks of gestation. The nurse would expect to palpate the fundus at which level?
- A. Not palpable above the symphysis at this time
- B. Slightly above the symphysis pubis
- C. At the level of the umbilicus
- D. Slightly above the umbilicus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In normal pregnancies, the uterus grows at a predictable rate. It may be palpated above the symphysis pubis sometime between the 12th and 14th weeks of pregnancy.