Nokea
During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect
- A. electrolytes
- B. serum proteins
- C. hormones
- D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.
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A nurse is teaching parents about prevention and treatment of colic. Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Avoid use of pacifiers.
- B. Eliminate all second-hand smoke contact.
- C. Lay infant flat after feeding.
- D. Avoid swaddling the infant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Second-hand smoke exposure has been linked to an increased risk of colic in infants. Colic is a condition characterized by excessive, inconsolable crying in otherwise healthy infants. By eliminating all second-hand smoke contact, the nurse is helping to reduce potential triggers for colic and promoting a healthier environment for the infant. This is an important aspect of prevention and treatment that should be emphasized in the teaching plan for parents.
During starvation, the body slows metabolic processes and growth to minimize the need for nutrients. With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation refeeding syndrome may occur. Of the following, the major changes that may occur with refeeding syndrome typically affect
- A. electrolytes
- B. serum proteins
- C. hormones
- D. liver enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome primarily affects electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, which can become dangerously depleted due to rapid shifts in metabolism.
Which of the ff is a sign or symptom of asthma?
- A. Production of abnormally thick, sticky mucus in lungs
- B. Faulty transport of sodium in lung cells
- C. Paroxysms or shortness of breath
- D. Altered electrolyte balance in the sweat glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paroxysms, or sudden attacks, of shortness of breath are a common sign or symptom of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which leads to difficulty breathing. During an asthma attack, individuals may experience sudden and severe shortness of breath, often accompanied by wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. These paroxysms of breathlessness are a hallmark feature of asthma and indicate the presence of airway inflammation and constriction.
12-year-old Caroline has recurring nephrotic syndrome; which of the following areas of potential disturbances should be a prime consideration when planning ongoing nursing care?
- A. Body image
- B. Sexual maturation
- C. Muscle coordination
- D. Intellectual development
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: For 12-year-old Caroline with recurring nephrotic syndrome, body image should be a prime consideration when planning ongoing nursing care. Nephrotic syndrome can cause physical changes such as weight gain, swelling, and changes in appearance due to the disease process and treatment side effects like corticosteroids. These physical changes can impact a child's self-esteem and body image, especially during the sensitive pre-adolescent period. As a result, addressing Caroline's body image concerns through open communication, providing support, promoting self-acceptance, and involving her in decision-making regarding her care can significantly impact her emotional well-being and overall quality of life.
You are evaluating a 6-year-old child with ALL on interim maintenance phase who has frequent mucositis and myelosuppression that needs frequent discontinuation of his treatment. Of the following, the MOST valuable test for this child is
- A. complete blood count
- B. pharmacogenetic testing of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) gene
- C. renal function test
- D. bone marrow study
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TPMT gene testing helps determine the child's ability to metabolize thiopurine drugs, which may explain the adverse effects.