Nokea
During the initial inspection of the female genitalia, the nurse recognizes which finding as normal?
- A. The labia minora are hair-covered and lying within the labia majora.
- B. The cervical os in the multiparous woman has the shape of a small circle.
- C. The vaginal vestibule lies between the labia minora and contains the urinary meatus.
- D. The openings of Skene and Bartholin glands are visible posteriorly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the vaginal vestibule lies between the labia minora and contains the urinary meatus, which is a normal anatomical finding. The labia minora being hair-covered and lying within the labia majora (A) is not normal. The cervical os in a multiparous woman should have a shape of a transverse slit, not a small circle (B). The openings of Skene and Bartholin glands are not typically visible during the initial inspection of the female genitalia (D).
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Absence of menstruation
- A. Rhinorrhea
- B. Amenorrhea
- C. Menorrhagia
- D. Leucorrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amenorrhea. Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation, which can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, stress, pregnancy, or medical conditions. Rhinorrhea (A) is the medical term for a runny nose, unrelated to menstruation. Menorrhagia (C) is excessive menstrual bleeding, the opposite of absence of menstruation. Leucorrhea (D) is a vaginal discharge, not related to the absence of menstruation. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it directly addresses the absence of menstruation.
Sperm are formed in tightly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules that are found within each ________.
- A. spermatic cord
- B. testis
- C. ductus deferens
- D. epididymis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: testis. The seminiferous tubules are located within the testes, where sperm are produced through the process of spermatogenesis. The spermatic cord (A) contains blood vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens but not the seminiferous tubules. The ductus deferens (C) is a tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra, not where sperm are formed. The epididymis (D) is where sperm mature and are stored but not where they are initially formed. Therefore, the testis is the only choice where the seminiferous tubules are located for sperm production.
The endocrine role of the testicle:
- A. occurs at the level of the interstitial cells;
- B. consists in the secretion of androgenic hormones;
- C. consists in the secretion of testosterone;
- D. determines the maturation of the sex organs;
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the endocrine role of the testicle primarily involves the secretion of testosterone. Testosterone is the main androgenic hormone produced by the testicles, which plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as the development of male reproductive organs, sperm production, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Choice A is incorrect because while interstitial cells (Leydig cells) are involved in the production of testosterone, the endocrine role of the testicle is not limited to these cells alone.
Choice B is incorrect as it is too general. While androgenic hormones are indeed secreted by the testicles, testosterone specifically is the main androgenic hormone produced by them.
Choice D is incorrect as the maturation of sex organs is primarily regulated by the action of testosterone but is not the sole endocrine role of the testicle.
A young woman is given daily injections of a substance beginning on the 16th day of her normal menstrual cycle and continuing for 3 weeks. As long as the injections continue, she does not menstruate. The injected substance could be which of the following?
- A. Testosterone
- B. FSH
- C. An inhibitor of progesterone’s actions
- D. A prostaglandin E2 inhibitor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: An inhibitor of progesterone’s actions. Progesterone is responsible for maintaining the uterine lining, and inhibiting its actions would prevent menstruation. Testosterone (A) and FSH (B) do not directly affect menstruation. Prostaglandin E2 (D) is involved in the menstrual process, but inhibiting it would not necessarily stop menstruation.
Mrs. Marx, 60, was recently diagnosed as having endometrial cancer. She smokes a pack of cigarettes a week and is about 5 lb over her ideal weight. Which of these factors may be related to her developing endometrial cancer?
- A. Smoking
- B. Infertility
- C. Poverty
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity is a known risk factor for endometrial cancer due to increased estrogen levels.