Nokea
During the process of defecation, which of the following changes takes place?
- A. Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
- B. Contraction of the external anal sphincter
- C. Relaxation of the rectal smooth muscle
- D. Decreased intra-abdominal pressure compared to the resting state
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The internal anal sphincter relaxes reflexively during defecation to allow stool passage, while the external sphincter is voluntarily controlled.
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A client is to have a sigmoidoscopy to examine the sigmoid area of the gastrointestinal system. In teaching the client about the procedure, the nurse would explain that the purpose of the procedure is to examine the:
- A. Distal large intestine
- B. Stomach and small intestine
- C. Liver
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoidoscopy examines the sigmoid colon, part of the distal large intestine.
Besides your urinary system, what other organs in your body help in excretion?
- A. lungs
- B. skin
- C. skin and lungs
- D. none of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both the lungs (excreting carbon dioxide) and skin (excreting sweat) aid in excretion.
The gross structure of the kidney is divided into 3 parts. In which part do the Bowman's capsules lie?
- A. Cortex
- B. Medulla
- C. Pelvis
- D. Capsule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bowman's capsules, part of the nephron, are located in the renal cortex.
During prolonged fasting-
- A. First fats are used up, followed by carbohydrate from liver and muscles, and protein in the end
- B. First carbohydrate are used up, followed by fat and proteins towards end
- C. First lipids, followed by proteins and carbohydrates towards end.
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In fasting, carbohydrates (glycogen) are used first, followed by fats, and then proteins.
The nurse is teaching classes on development to parents of toddlers. A parent asks when a child should be toilet trained. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that sphincter control is generally possible by age months. Provide a numeric answer.
- A. 18
- B. 24
- C. 30
- D. 36
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sphincter control typically develops around 24 months, enabling toilet training.