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During the sixth week of a 10-week parenting skills group, a nurse observes as several members get into a heated dispute about spanking. As a group, they decide to create a pros-and-cons poster on the use of physical discipline. At this time, what is the role of the group leader?
- A. To referee the debate
- B. To adamantly oppose physical discipline measures
- C. To redirect the group to a less controversial topic
- D. To encourage the group to solve the problem collectively
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To encourage the group to solve the problem collectively. The role of the group leader in this situation is to promote group cohesion and problem-solving skills. By encouraging the group to collectively address the issue of differing opinions on spanking, the leader fosters open communication, respect for diverse perspectives, and teamwork. This approach allows group members to explore the topic in a constructive manner, learn from each other, and reach a consensus or understanding.
Choice A is incorrect because the leader's role is not to referee or take sides in the debate. Choice B is incorrect as the leader should not impose personal views but facilitate a balanced discussion. Choice C is incorrect as avoiding controversial topics hinders group growth and learning.
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A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome and opinionated and has little regard for others. According to Sullivans interpersonal theory, the nurse should associate the clients behaviors with a previous deficit in which stage of development?
- A. Childhood
- B. Early adolescence
- C. Late adolescence
- D. Infancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, childhood is the stage where the foundation of interpersonal relationships is formed. Quarrelsome and opinionated behaviors with little regard for others can be associated with deficits in early childhood development. During this stage, individuals learn emotional regulation, empathy, and social skills. If these skills are not adequately developed in childhood, it can result in maladaptive behaviors in adulthood. Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Choice B, early adolescence, focuses more on identity formation and peer relationships. Choice C, late adolescence, emphasizes the transition to adulthood and independence. Choice D, infancy, is too early in development to have a significant impact on the client's current behavior.
A client refuses to go on a cruise to the Bahamas with his spouse because of fearing that the cruise ship will sink and all will drown. Using a cognitive theory perspective, the nurse should use which of these statements to explain to the spouse the etiology of this fear?
- A. Your spouse may be unable to resolve internal conflicts, which result in projected anxiety.
- B. Your spouse may be experiencing a distorted and unrealistic appraisal of the situation.
- C. Your spouse may have a genetic predisposition to overreacting to potential danger.
- D. Your spouse may have high levels of brain chemicals that may distort thinking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Your spouse may be experiencing a distorted and unrealistic appraisal of the situation. This aligns with cognitive theory, which focuses on how our thoughts and perceptions influence our emotions and behaviors. In this case, the client's fear of the cruise ship sinking is likely based on an irrational and exaggerated belief rather than a realistic assessment of the situation.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on internal conflicts, which may not be directly related to the client's fear of the cruise ship sinking. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predisposition alone is unlikely to explain the specific fear of the cruise ship sinking. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests a biological basis for the fear, whereas cognitive theory emphasizes the role of thoughts and perceptions.
During the first interview with a man from Syria who has just lost his son in a car accident, in sympathy for the mans loss, the female nurse reaches out and hugs him. Which is an accurate evaluation of the nurses action?
- A. The nurses action should be evaluated as unacceptable due to breech of cultural norms.
- B. The nurses action should be evaluated as empathetic, encouraging expression of feelings.
- C. The nurses action should be evaluated as the technique of offering self.
- D. The nurses action should be evaluated as inappropriate due to poor timing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse's action of hugging the man from Syria who just lost his son in a car accident breaches cultural norms. In many Middle Eastern cultures, physical touch, especially between unrelated individuals of the opposite sex, is considered inappropriate and can be seen as disrespectful. This can cause discomfort and may even offend the individual. In this scenario, the nurse should respect the man's cultural background and find alternative ways to show empathy and support, such as verbal expressions of sympathy or offering a comforting presence.
Choice B is incorrect because while the nurse may have intended to show empathy, the method of hugging was culturally inappropriate. Choice C is incorrect as offering self typically involves sharing personal experiences to build rapport, not physical touch. Choice D is also incorrect as the issue lies more with cultural norms rather than poor timing.
A client is trying to explore and solve a problem. Which nursing statement would be an example of verbalizing the implied?
- A. You seem to be motivated to change your behavior.
- B. How will these changes affect your family relationships?
- C. Why dont you make a list of the behaviors you need to change.
- D. The team recommends that you make only one behavioral change at a time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: A is correct as it reflects active listening and shows empathy towards the client.
Step 2: By stating "You seem to be motivated to change your behavior," the nurse acknowledges the client's feelings and encourages further exploration.
Step 3: This statement helps the client feel understood and supported in their journey towards change.
Summary:
B: Focuses on family relationships, not the client's motivation.
C: Suggests a directive approach rather than exploring the client's feelings.
D: Imposes a specific recommendation without considering the client's readiness or motivation.
An employee uses the defense mechanism of displacement when the boss openly disagrees with suggestions. What behavior would be expected from this employee?
- A. The employee assertively confronts the boss
- B. The employee leaves the staff meeting to work out in the gym
- C. The employee criticizes a coworker
- D. The employee takes the boss out to lunch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are redirected from the original source to a substitute target. In this case, the employee is likely to displace their anger from the boss onto a coworker by criticizing them. This behavior allows the employee to express their feelings indirectly.
A: Assertively confronting the boss does not align with displacement as it involves direct confrontation.
B: Leaving the meeting to work out in the gym is a form of avoidance and does not involve displacing emotions onto another target.
D: Taking the boss out to lunch is more of a conciliatory gesture and does not involve displacing negative emotions onto someone else.