Nokea
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?
- A. Prophase
- B. Metaphase
- C. Telophase
- D. Anaphase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Metaphase. During Metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell's equator, forming the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that during the subsequent phase, Anaphase, the sister chromatids can separate and move towards opposite poles. Prophase is the initial phase of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. Telophase is the final phase of mitosis where two new nuclei form.
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Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell?
- A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Peroxisomes
- D. Golgi Apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the cell by breaking down fatty acids and producing hydrogen peroxide. This process helps protect the cell from damage caused by toxic substances. Choice A, Endoplasmic Reticulum, is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not detoxification. Choice B, Lysosomes, contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not primarily detoxification. Choice D, Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion, not detoxification.
What cycle is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during aerobic respiration?
- A. Calvin Cycle
- B. Krebs Cycle
- C. Photosynthesis
- D. Fermentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Krebs Cycle is the correct answer. It is a series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria and is a crucial part of aerobic respiration. The Calvin Cycle is a part of photosynthesis, not respiration, making choice A incorrect. Photosynthesis (choice C) is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. Fermentation (choice D) is an anaerobic process that does not require oxygen and is not the primary energy-generating pathway during aerobic respiration, so it is incorrect.
What type of cells are involved in meiosis (sex cells)?
- A. Somatic Cells
- B. Gametes
- C. Zygote
- D. Diploid Cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Gametes. Gametes are the specialized sex cells involved in meiosis, such as sperm and eggs. Somatic cells (A) are non-reproductive cells found in the body, not involved in meiosis. Zygote (C) is the result of fertilization, formed when gametes unite. Diploid cells (D) have two sets of chromosomes, but in meiosis, gametes are produced through a process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half to haploid.
Where is the genetic information of a eukaryotic cell stored?
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Nucleus
- C. Golgi Apparatus
- D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, genetic information (DNA) is stored in the nucleus. This organelle acts as the control center of the cell, housing the DNA and regulating gene expression. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the genetic information is not stored in the mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, or cytoplasm. The mitochondria are responsible for energy production, the Golgi Apparatus is involved in protein processing and packaging, and the cytoplasm is where various cellular activities take place, but none of these organelles store the genetic information.
What organelle do plant cells have that functions as storage, waste disposal, and protection?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct! Plant cells have vacuoles that serve as storage centers, help in waste disposal by containing and isolating harmful materials, and contribute to protection by storing toxic substances. The other choices are incorrect because the nucleus contains genetic material, mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis.