Nokea
Each of the following is a form of vitamin K, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Phylloquinone
- B. Tocopherol
- C. Menaquinone
- D. Menadione
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tocopherol, Choice B, is not a form of vitamin K; it is another name for vitamin E. Phylloquinone (Choice A), menaquinone (Choice C), and menadione (Choice D) are all forms of vitamin K. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1 found in green plants, menaquinone is vitamin K2 produced in the large intestine and found in animal tissues, and menadione is a synthetic form of vitamin K. Therefore, Choice B is the correct answer because it does not belong to the vitamin K group, unlike the other options.
You may also like to solve these questions
An imbalance of which nutrient may elicit delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter?
- A. Zinc
- B. Iron
- C. Sodium
- D. Potassium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iron. The provided extract mentions that iodine deficiency can cause delayed tooth eruption, enlarged tongue, stillbirths, altered craniofacial growth, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, depression, and goiter. Zinc, Sodium, and Potassium are not associated with these specific symptoms. Zinc deficiency can lead to other health issues but not the ones mentioned. Sodium and Potassium imbalances do not typically result in the symptoms described in the question.
What physiologic role does magnesium play in the body?
- A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation
- B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
- C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
- D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Magnesium plays an important role in maintaining calcium homeostasis and preventing skeletal abnormalities. It is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose use. Magnesium is vital to the structural integrity of heart muscle and other muscles and nerves. While magnesium does play a role in blood clotting, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, relaxation, ATP energy release, and metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, the primary physiologic role of magnesium in the body is related to calcium homeostasis and maintaining the structural integrity of the heart muscle. Choice A is incorrect because it includes functions of magnesium, but they are not its primary physiologic role. Choice C is incorrect as magnesium has several known metabolic functions. Choice D is incorrect because although magnesium is involved in ATP energy release and metabolism, its primary role is related to calcium homeostasis and structural integrity of muscle.
What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?
- A. Hypodipsia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.
Which consumption pattern of fermentable carbohydrate is considered most cariogenic?
- A. A single exposure to a large quantity
- B. A single exposure to a small quantity
- C. Multiple exposures of small quantities
- D. Multiple exposures followed by chewing sugarless gum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multiple exposures of small quantities are considered most cariogenic. The total amount of dietary fermentable carbohydrate seems to matter less than the form and frequency in which it is consumed. Having multiple exposures of even small quantities of fermentable carbohydrate throughout the day promotes a highly cariogenic environment in the mouth. Choices A and B, involving single exposures, are less cariogenic as they do not sustain the fermentation process over time. Choice D suggests a beneficial practice by chewing sugarless gum after exposures, which can reduce the risk, making it less cariogenic compared to multiple exposures of small quantities.
Each of the following describes the physiologic roles of water, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Acts as a solvent for chemical reactions.
- B. Maintains stability of body fluids.
- C. Enables transport of nutrients and excretion of waste.
- D. Regulates temperature by pooling as perspiration on skin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Water regulates body temperature by evaporating as perspiration from the skin, not by pooling. When sweat evaporates from the skin, it takes away heat, which helps cool the body. Choices A, B, and C are correct because water acts as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintains the stability of body fluids, and enables the transport of nutrients and excretion of waste, respectively.