Nokea
Each part of the alimentary canal has the optimum pH for the enzymes that digest food there. What is the optimum pH for an enzyme that works in the stomach?
- A. pH 2
- B. pH 7
- C. pH 9
- D. pH 12
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The stomach's acidic environment (around pH 2) is optimal for the function of pepsin, which breaks down proteins.
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Excess amino acids are deaminated & converted into urea in -
- A. Kidneys
- B. Liver
- C. Spleen
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver deaminates excess amino acids and converts them into urea.
What is the major function of the podocyte?
- A. To keep large molecules out of the nephron
- B. To strengthen the glomerular capillaries
- C. To act as macrophages in the kidney
- D. To detect chemical changes in the blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Podocytes form a filtration barrier in Bowman's capsule, preventing large molecules from entering the filtrate.
Zymogen cells of fundic glands show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Secrete gastric lipase
- B. Secrete rennin enzyme
- C. Present in the gland neck
- D. Secrete pepsinogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zymogen (chief) cells are located in the body and base of fundic glands, not the neck, and secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase.
Which of the following structures is a common passageway for both food and air?
- A. Nasopharynx
- B. Oropharynx
- C. Esophagus
- D. Trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The oropharynx serves as a common pathway for food (to the esophagus) and air (to the laryngopharynx and trachea), unlike the other options.
Large, insoluble molecules have to be digested before they can be
- A. absorbed.
- B. assimilated.
- C. egested.
- D. ingested.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Large molecules must be broken down into smaller, soluble units before they can be absorbed across the intestinal lining.