Nokea
Each spermatid and each ovum have ________. ________.
- A. glans penis
- B. 23 pairs of chromosomes
- C. shaft of the penis
- D. 23 chromosomes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 23 chromosomes. Spermatids and ova are haploid cells formed through meiosis, containing only half the number of chromosomes (23) as a normal diploid cell. This is essential for maintaining the proper chromosome number when fertilization occurs. Glans penis and shaft of the penis (choices A and C) are structures related to the male reproductive system but are not present in spermatids or ova. Having 23 pairs of chromosomes (choice B) would result in a total of 46 chromosomes, which is incorrect for these gametes.
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The major hormone secreted from granulosa cells is
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Estrogen. Granulosa cells are located in the ovarian follicles and are responsible for producing estrogen, a key female sex hormone. Estrogen plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and development of secondary sexual characteristics. Progesterone is mainly produced by the corpus luteum, testosterone is primarily produced by the testes in males, and aldosterone is synthesized in the adrenal glands. Granulosa cells do not secrete these hormones, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.
A mother asks a nurse when her daughter should get immunized again for human papilloma virus (HPV). What is the nurse’s most appropriate response to this question?
- A. Your daughter does not need this immunization until she becomes sexually active.
- B. The recommended age for this immunization is between 25 and 30 years of age.
- C. Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization.
- D. When she begins having menstrual periods is the best time for this immunization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization. The HPV vaccine is recommended for females aged 11-26 to prevent HPV infections, which can lead to cervical cancer. Starting vaccination early provides the best protection before potential exposure to the virus. Option A is incorrect as waiting until sexual activity can leave the individual vulnerable to HPV. Option B is incorrect as the recommended age range is 11-26, not 25-30. Option D is incorrect as the timing of menstrual periods is not a factor in determining when to get the HPV vaccine.
Lower jaw bone is called as
- A. Maxilla
- B. Mandible
- C. Temporal bone
- D. Menton
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The lower jaw bone is known as the mandible. The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull, forming the lower jaw and holding the lower teeth in place. The maxilla (A) is the upper jaw bone. The temporal bone (C) is a bone that forms part of the skull, but it is not the lower jaw bone. Menton (D) is a landmark on the mandible, not the name of the bone itself. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Mandible) as it is specifically designated as the lower jaw bone.
A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________.
- A. blastocyst
- B. zygote
- C. fetus
- D. embryo
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: zygote. A zygote is formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, marking the beginning of a new individual's development. It is the first cell of the new organism with a full set of chromosomes.
A: Blastocyst is a later stage of development after the zygote has undergone several cell divisions.
C: Fetus refers to the later stages of development when the embryo has developed recognizable features.
D: Embryo is the stage after the zygote when the cells start to differentiate into different tissues and organs.
The cell produced by fertilization is called
- A. gamete
- B. embryo
- C. fetus
- D. zygote
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: zygote. After fertilization, the sperm and egg unite to form a zygote, which is the initial cell of a new organism with a full set of chromosomes. A gamete (A) is a reproductive cell before fertilization, an embryo (B) is the early stage of development after the zygote, and a fetus (C) is the later stage of development in the womb. Therefore, the zygote is the correct term for the cell produced by fertilization.