Nokea
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.
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Which is the most appropriate nursing action related to the administration of digoxin (Lanoxin) to an infant?
- A. Counting the apical rate for 30 seconds before administering the medication
- B. Withholding a dose if the apical heart rate is less than 100 beats/min
- C. Repeating a dose if the child vomits within 30 minutes of the previous dose
- D. Checking respiratory rate and blood pressure before each dose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As a rule, if the pulse rate of an infant is below 100 beats/min, the medication is withheld and the physician is notified.
What is the Duke Treadmill score for a patient who exercised for 10 minutes (12 METS) and had a maximum of 1 mm ST depression at peak exercise without angina?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Duke Treadmill score is calculated based on exercise duration
What are THREE long-term complications in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Arrhythmia
- B. Pulmonary valve insufficiency
- C. Sudden Death
- D. Recurrent PS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot are at risk of long-term complications such as recurrent pulmonary stenosis, arrhythmias, and valve insufficiencies.
The ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy and shows a superior QRS axis (between -90' and 0')
- A. tricuspid atresia
- B. Ebstein anomaly
- C. pulmonary atresia
- D. tetralogy of Fallot
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Left ventricular hypertrophy with a superior QRS axis is characteristic of tetralogy of Fallot.
Tests used in establishing a diagnosis of coeliac disease are:
- A. IgA anti-endomysial antibodies
- B. IgM anti-reticulin antibodies
- C. IgA anti-gliadin antibodies
- D. Duodenal biopsy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A duodenal biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing coeliac disease, as it provides histological confirmation of the disease.