Nokea
Eating disorders affect approximately 30 million people of all ages and genders in the United States. All are considered eating disorders except:
- A. Bulimia nervosa
- B. Binge eating
- C. Anorexia nervosa
- D. Obesity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity is not considered an eating disorder but may be caused by an eating disorder. Bulimia, anorexia, and binge eating are eating disorders.
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A teenager is being seen in the outpatient clinic after a fainting episode at home. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 16, and she reports no menses for the past 3 months. Which additional assessment finding would the nurse anticipate?
- A. Absence of hair on arm and legs
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Clubbing of fingers and toes
- D. Complaint of temperature intolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe malnutrition can result in temperature intolerance and feeling cold. Hypothermia is linked to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Lanugo may develop to assist in the maintenance of body temperature. Bradycardia is another physical symptom associated with anorexia nervosa. Clubbing of the fingers and toes is not indicated in eating disorders.
A client has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which assessment finding(s) contribute to this diagnosis? Select all that apply.
- A. Electrolyte imbalance
- B. Dehydration
- C. Chronic sore throat
- D. Pulmonary embolism
- E. Constipation
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Self-induced vomiting and use of emetics such as ipecac damage teeth, cause chronic sore throat and risk of esophageal erosion and abuse of laxatives and enemas contributes to constipation. The non-prescribed use of diuretics and diet pills predisposes to liquid, electrolyte, and cardiac problems. Pulmonary embolism is not usually assessed for with bulimia nervosa.
When assessing for anorexia nervosa, the nurse would anticipate finding what characteristic(s)? Select all that apply.
- A. Is overweight
- B. Good academics
- C. Underachiever
- D. Teenage girl
- E. Wears tight-fitting clothes
- F. Social eater
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsession for thinness that is achieved through self-starvation. It occurs more often in girls between the ages of 12 to 18 years and continues into adulthood. They are often high achievers and perfectionists. Many conceal their starvation by eating alone, disposing of food, and dressing in oversized, bulky clothing.
When taking a client's history, the client reports to the nurse inappropriate use of diuretics and laxatives, secreteating of high-calorie and high-carbohydrate foods, and alternately bingeing and fasting. Based on this information, which eating disorder should the nurse suspect?
- A. Bulimia nervosa
- B. Anorexia nervosa
- C. Binge eating
- D. Compulsive overeating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Behavioral signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa include excessive exercise; use of diuretics, and laxatives, secret eating of high-calorie, high-carbohydrate foods, and alternately bingeing and fasting. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by behavioral signs and symptoms including restriction of food choices and intake, ritualistic handling of food (e.g., cutting into tiny pieces, arranging food in a certain way), weighing oneself frequently, and denial of hunger. Binge eating and compulsive overeating are characterized by frequent dieting, restricting activities because of embarrassment about weight, eating when not hungry, rapid eating, and eating alone.
A nurse is assessing a female client who has recently drastically decreased the amount of food and number of calories consumed each day. Which assessment finding is most indicative of a client who is experiencing severe malnutrition?
- A. Amenorrhea
- B. Weight loss
- C. Body mass index (BMI) of 18
- D. High serum potassium level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe malnutrition causes the cessation of menstruation in females. Weight loss is expected with curtailing of calories but does not indicate severe malnutrition. BMI of 18 is low and indicates being underweight but not significant for severe malnutrition. In severe malnutrition, potassium levels are dangerously low.