Nokea
Employee health test results reveal a tuberculosis (TB) skin test of 16-mm induration and a
negative chest x-ray for a staff nurse working on the pulmonary unit. The nurse has no symptoms
of TB. Which information should the occupational health nurse plan to teach the staff nurse?
- A. Standard four-drug therapy for TB
- B. Need for annual repeat TB skin testing
- C. Use and side effects of isoniazid (INH)
- D. Bacille Calmette-Gurin (BCG) vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse is considered to have a latent TB infection and should be treated with INH daily for 6
to 9 months. The four-drug therapy would be appropriate if the nurse had active TB. TB skin
testing is not done for individuals who have already had a positive skin test. BCG vaccine is not
used in the United States for TB and would not be helpful for this individual, who already has a
TB infection.
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When escorting a patient to the operating room on a stretcher, what should you do to prevent the patient from falling?
- A. Ensure the safety belt or strap is secured on the patient while escorting them to the operating room
- B. Use a safety belt or strap on the patient throughout their escort to the operating room
- C. Lower the bed position when moving the patient from the bed to the stretcher
- D. All of the above options are correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When escorting a patient to the operating room on a stretcher, it is crucial to secure a safety belt or strap on the patient to prevent falls during the transfer. This safety measure is not considered a restraint but a necessary precaution. Lowering the bed position is not necessary; in fact, the bed should be in a high position to align with the stretcher. Locking the wheels of the stretcher is essential to prevent accidents during patient transfer. Therefore, the correct action to prevent falls while moving a patient to the operating room is to use a safety belt or strap on the patient throughout the escort.
The chain of infection includes the ________________.
- A. germ, agent, reservoir, exit portal, mode of transmission, entry port, and susceptible host
- B. active natural, active artificial, passive natural, and passive artificial
- C. opportunism, weakness, immunity, and colonization
- D. intrinsic, extrinsic, internal, and external transmission
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The chain, or cycle, of infection includes the germ (microorganism), agent, reservoir, exit portal, mode of transmission, entry port, and susceptible host. This sequence describes how infections are passed from one person to another. Choice B is incorrect because it refers to types of immunity, not components of the chain of infection. Choice C is also incorrect as it lists terms unrelated to the chain of infection. Choice D is incorrect as it describes transmission types, not components of the chain of infection. Understanding the chain of infection is crucial in preventing the spread of infections by breaking one or more links in the chain, such as interrupting the mode of transmission through proper hand hygiene.
One of the complications of complete bed rest and immobility is which of the following?
- A. Plantar flexion
- B. Dorsiflexion
- C. Extension contractures
- D. Adduction contractures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plantar flexion, or foot drop, is a common complication of complete bed rest and immobility. This condition occurs due to the weakening of muscles that lift the foot, leading to the foot dragging or being unable to clear the ground during walking. Dorsiflexion refers to moving the foot upwards, which is not a typical complication of immobility. Extension contractures involve the inability to fully extend a joint, while adduction contractures refer to the inability to move a limb away from the body. These types of contractures can also occur with immobility, but they are not specifically associated with foot drop.
Your patient has been diagnosed with a left ankle sprain. On the discharge instructions, the physician has prescribed the RICE protocol. This acronym stands for:
- A. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- B. Radiology, Ice, Compression, Elevation
- C. Rest, Ice, Cast, Elevation
- D. Radiology, Ice, Cast, Elevation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. This acronym, RICE, is commonly used for the treatment of injuries like an ankle sprain. Rest allows the injured area to heal, Ice helps reduce swelling and pain (20 minutes on each hour while awake), Compression is usually achieved with an elastic bandage to minimize swelling, and Elevation of the foot above the level of the heart assists in reducing swelling and promoting healing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they include irrelevant terms like Radiology and Cast, which are not part of the standard treatment protocol for an ankle sprain.
Mobility is an important human function. The hazards of immobility lead to many physical and emotional problems. Immobility can lead to detrimental cardiac, muscular, respiratory, skeletal, urinary, gastrointestinal, skin, and emotional changes. Which of the following is an example of a skeletal hazard of immobility?
- A. Contractures.
- B. Constipation.
- C. Calcium loss.
- D. Catabolism.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: All choices are hazards of immobility, but only calcium loss from the bones is a skeletal system impairment that results from immobility. Contractures are muscle shortening due to prolonged positioning, which affects the muscular system. Constipation is a gastrointestinal issue. Catabolism is a metabolic process, not specific to the skeletal system.